He aha te Raraunga Raraunga AI?

Mena kei te hanga, kei te hoko, kei te arotake rānei koe i ngā pūnaha AI, ka tūtaki koe ki tētahi pātai māmā noa iho, he aha te huinga raraunga AI, ā, he aha te hiranga o tēnei? He whakarāpopototanga: ko te wahie, ko te pukapuka tunu kai, ā, i ētahi wā ko te kāpehu mō tō tauira.

Ngā tuhinga ka pai pea koe ki te pānui i muri i tēnei:

🔗 He pehea te matapae a AI i nga ahuatanga
Ka tūhuratia te tātaritanga a te AI i ngā tauira hei matapae i ngā huihuinga me ngā whanonga ā meake nei.

🔗 Me pehea te ine i te mahi AI
Ngā inenga me ngā tikanga mō te aromatawai i te tika, te whai huatanga, me te pono o te tauira.

🔗 Me pehea te korero ki a AI
He aratohu mō te hanga taunekeneke pai ake hei whakapai ake i ngā urupare i hangaia e te AI.

🔗 He aha te AI akiaki
He tirohanga whānui ki te āhua o te hanga a ngā akiaki i ngā putanga AI me te kounga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whānui.

He aha te Huinga Raraunga AI? He whakamāramatanga tere 🧩

He aha te huinga raraunga AI? He kohinga tauira e akohia ana e tō tauira, e arotakehia ana rānei. Kei ia tauira:

Ngā Tāurunga - ngā āhuatanga e kitea ana e te tauira, pērā i ngā wāhanga kuputuhi, ngā whakaahua, ngā oro, ngā rarangi ripanga, ngā pānui pūoko, ngā kauwhata.
Whāinga - ngā tapanga, ngā putanga rānei me matapae e te tauira, pērā i ngā kāwai, ngā tau, ngā whānuitanga o ngā tuhinga, ngā mahi, te kore rawa rānei i ētahi wā.
Ngā raraunga matua - ngā horopaki pēnei i te pūtake, te tikanga kohikohi, ngā tohu wā, ngā raihana, ngā mōhiohio whakaaetanga, me ngā tuhipoka mō te kounga.

Whakaarohia he pouaka tina kua tino tākaihia mō tō tauira: ngā kai, ngā tapanga, ngā kōrero kai, āe, te pepa piri e mea ana "kaua e kainga tēnei wāhanga." 🍱

Mō ngā mahi e tirotirohia ana, ka kite koe i ngā tāuru kua honoa ki ngā tapanga mārama. Mō ngā mahi kāore i tirotirohia, ka kite koe i ngā tāuru kāore he tapanga. Mō te ako whakapakari, he rite tonu ngā raraunga ki ngā wāhanga, ki ngā ara rānei me ngā āhua, ngā mahi, ngā utu. Mō ngā mahi maha-ara, ka taea e ngā tauira te whakakotahi i te tuhinga + te ahua + te oro ki roto i te rekoata kotahi. He ahua ātaahua; he pai te nuinga.

Ngā kaupapa matua me ngā mahi whai hua: mā te Rauemi Raraunga mō ngā Huinga Raraunga ka āwhina i ngā tīma ki te whakamārama i ngā mea kei roto, me pēhea hoki te whakamahi [1], ā, ngā Kāri Tauira ngā tuhinga raraunga i te taha tauira [2].

He aha te mea e hanga ana i tētahi Huinga Raraunga AI Pai ✅

Kia pono tātou, he maha ngā tauira e angitu ana nā te mea kāore i kino te huinga raraunga. Ko te huinga raraunga "pai" ko:

He tohu mō ngā whakamahinga tūturu, ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga o te taiwhanga anake.
He tika te tapanga , me ngā aratohu mārama me te whakatau ā-wā. Ka āwhina ngā inenga whakaaetanga (hei tauira, ngā inenga kāppa) ki te tirotiro i te ōritetanga.
He oti, he taurite hoki kia kore ai e hinga puku i ngā hiku roa. He mea noa te kore taurite; ehara i te mea noa te mangere.
He mārama te pūtake , me te whakaaetanga, te raihana, me ngā whakaaetanga kua tuhia. Nā ngā pepa hoha, ka ārai i ngā kerēme whakahihiri.
He pai te tuhi mā te whakamahi i ngā kāri raraunga, i ngā pepa raraunga rānei e whakamārama ana i te whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana, ngā rohe, me ngā momo rahunga e mōhiotia ana [1]
E whakahaerehia ana e te putanga, ngā huringa, me ngā whakaaetanga. Ki te kore e taea e koe te tārua i te huinga raraunga, e kore e taea e koe te tārua i te tauira. Ko ngā aratohu mai i te Anga Whakahaere Mōrearea AI a NIST e whakaaro ana ki te kounga raraunga me te tuhinga hei āwangawanga matua [3].

Ngā momo Huinga Raraunga AI, mā te aha e mahia ana e koe 🧰

Mā te mahi

Whakarōpūtanga - hei tauira, pāme me te kore pāme, ngā kāwai whakaahua.
Whakamuri - te matapae i tētahi uara tonu pērā i te utu, i te pāmahana rānei.
Te tapanga raupapatanga - ngā hinonga kua whakaingoatia, ngā wāhanga kōrero.
Te whakatipuranga - whakarāpopototanga, whakamāoritanga, tāpiritanga o ngā taitara whakaahua.
Taunakitanga - kaiwhakamahi, taonga, taunekeneke, horopaki.
Te kimi i ngā āhuatanga rerekē - ngā huihuinga onge i roto i ngā raupapa wā, i ngā rangitaki rānei.
Te ako whakapakari - āhua, mahi, utu, raupapa āhua e whai ake nei.
Te tiki - ngā tuhinga, ngā uiui, ngā whakatau hiranga.

Mā te momo

Ripanga - ngā pou pēnei i te tau, te moni whiwhi, te korenga o ngā mahi. Kāore i te tino pai te arotake, he tino whai hua.
Kuputuhi - ngā tuhinga, ngā kōrerorero, ngā waehere, ngā pou wānanga, ngā whakaahuatanga hua.
Ngā whakaahua - ngā whakaahua, ngā matawai hauora, ngā taera amiorangi; me ngā kopare, me te kore rānei, ngā pouaka, ngā tohu matua.
Ororongo - ngā ngaru, ngā tuhinga oro, ngā tūtohu kaikōrero.
Ataata - anga, ngā tuhipoka wā, ngā tapanga mahi.
Ngā kauwhata - ngā pūnga, ngā tapa, ngā huanga.
Raupapa wā - ngā pūoko, te pūtea, te ine waea.

Mā te tirotiro

He tapanga (koura, hiriwa, tapanga aunoa), he tapanga ngoikore , kāore he tapanga , he mea hangai . He pai te ranunga keke i hokona mai i te toa - ki te pānui koe i te pouaka.

Kei roto i te pouaka: te hanganga, ngā wehewehenga, me ngā raraunga 📦

Ko te tikanga kei roto i tētahi huinga raraunga pakari:

Kauwhata - ngā āpure kua patohia, ngā waeine, ngā uara kua whakaaetia, te whakahaere kore.
Wehewehe - whakangungu, whakamana, whakamātautau. Puritia ngā raraunga whakamātautau kia hiri - me rite ki te poro tiakarete whakamutunga.
Mahere tauira - me pēhea koe i tango tauira mai i te taupori; karohia te whakamahi i ngā tauira watea mai i tētahi rohe, i tētahi taputapu rānei.
Ngā whakanui - ngā takahurihuri, ngā tapahi, ngā haruru, ngā kupu whakarite, ngā kopare. He pai ina pono; he kino ina tito i ngā tauira kāore e tupu i te ngahere.
Putanga - huinga raraunga v0.1, v0.2… me ngā huringa e whakaahua ana i ngā awaawa.
Ngā Raihana me te Whakaaetanga - ngā mana whakamahi, te tohatoha anō, me ngā rerenga muku. Ka whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere tiaki raraunga ā-motu (hei tauira, te ICO o te UK) ngā rārangi arowhai tukatuka whai hua, ture hoki [4].

Te huringa ora o ngā huinga raraunga, taahiraa i te taahiraa 🔁

Tautuhia te whakatau - he aha te mea ka whakatauhia e te tauira, ā, he aha ka puta mēnā he hē.
Ngā āhuatanga me ngā tapanga whānuitanga - he mea ine, he mea kitea, he mea matatika ki te kohikohi.
Raraunga pūtake - ngā taputapu, ngā rangitaki, ngā rangahau, ngā umanga tūmatanui, ngā hoa mahi.
Whakaaetanga me te ture - ngā pānui tūmataiti, ngā kōwhiringa kia kaua e whakaurua, te whakaiti i ngā raraunga. Tirohia ngā aratohu a te kaiwhakahaere mō te "take" me te "pehea" [4].
Kohikohi me te penapena - rokiroki haumaru, urunga e hangai ana ki ngā tūranga, whakahaere PII.
Tapanga - ngā kaituhituhi ā-roto, te kohikohi rauemi mā te marea, ngā tohunga; whakahaere kounga me ngā mahi koura, ngā arotake, me ngā inenga whakaaetanga.
Horoia, ā, whakatauritea - tangohia te tāruarua, whakahaere i te ngaronga, whakatauritea ngā waeine, whakatikahia te waehere. He mahi hoha, he mahi toa.
Wehewehea, whakamanahia hoki - āraia te turuturu; whakarōpūtia ngā mea e tika ana; pai ake ngā wehewehenga e mōhio ana ki te wā mō ngā raraunga ā-wā; ā, whakamahia te whakamana whakawhiti me te whakaaro nui mō ngā whakatau tata pakari [5].
Tuhinga - pepa raraunga, kāri raraunga rānei; te whakamahinga i whakaarohia, ngā whakatūpato, ngā herenga [1].
Aroturuki me te whakahou - te kimi i te rerekētanga, te whakahou i te tere, ngā mahere torengitanga. Ko te RMF AI a NIST e whakatakoto ana i tēnei porowhita whakahaere tonu [3].

Tohutohu tere, āhua tūturu: he maha ngā tīma e "toa ana i te whakaaturanga" engari e hē ana i roto i te whakaputanga nā te mea ka neke haere ā-ngāwari ā rātou huinga raraunga - he raina hua hou, he mara kua whakaingoatia anō, he kaupapa here kua whakarerekētia rānei. Mā te rārangi huringa māmā me te tāpiri i ngā tohutoro anō i ia wā ka karohia te nuinga o taua raruraru.

Te kounga raraunga me te aromatawai - ehara i te mea whakarihariha e ai ki te whakaaro 🧪

He maha ngā āhuatanga o te kounga:

Te tika - he tika ngā tapanga? Whakamahia ngā inenga whakaaetanga me te whakatau ā-wā.
Te Katoa - kapi i ngā āpure me ngā akomanga e tino hiahiatia ana e koe.
Te ōritetanga - karohia ngā tapanga taupatupatu mō ngā whakaurunga ōrite.
Te wā tika - ka whakatōtōtia ngā whakapae e ngā raraunga tawhito.
Te tika me te whakaaro pōhewa - te kapinga puta noa i ngā āhuatanga taupori, ngā reo, ngā taputapu, ngā taiao; tīmata ki ngā arotake whakaahua, kātahi ki ngā whakamātautau ahotea. Mā ngā mahi tuhinga-tuatahi (ngā pepa raraunga, ngā kāri tauira) ka kitea ēnei tirotiro [1], ā, mā ngā anga whakahaere e whakanui i a rātou hei whakahaere mōrearea [3].

Mō te aromatawai tauira, whakamahia ngā wehenga tika , me te aroturuki i ngā inenga toharite me ngā inenga rōpū kino rawa atu. Ka taea e te toharite kanapa te huna i te āputa. Kei roto i ngā tuhinga taputapu ML paerewa [5] ngā kaupapa matua o te whakamana whakawhiti.

Ngā tikanga matatika, te tūmataitinga, me te raihana - ngā ārai 🛡️

Ehara ngā raraunga matatika i te āhua noa iho, engari he tukanga:

Te whakawhāititanga o te whakaaetanga me te kaupapa - kia mārama ngā whakamahinga me ngā turanga ture [4].
Te whakahaere i te PII - whakaitihia, hunaia, hunaia rānei mēnā e tika ana; whakaarohia te whakamahi i ngā hangarau whakarei tūmataitinga ina nui ngā mōrearea.
Te Whakawhiwhinga me ngā Raihana - kia whakautehia ngā here mō te tohatoha ōrite me te whakamahinga arumoni.
Te whakaaro pōuri me te kino - arotakehia ngā hononga rūpahu ("awatea = haumaru" ka tino pōhēhē i te pō).
Whakatikatika - kia mōhio koe ki te tango raraunga ina tonoa, me pēhea hoki te whakahoki i ngā tauira kua whakangungua ki runga (tuhia tēnei ki roto i tō pepa raraunga) [1].

Kia pēhea te rahi o te rahi? Te rahi me te tohu-ki-te-haruru 📏

Ture matua: he pai ake te maha o ngā tauira mēnā he tika, ā, ehara i te mea he rite tonu. Engari i ētahi wā he pai ake te iti ake o ngā tauira, he ma ake, he pai ake te tapanga, i te maha o ngā tauira paru.

Kia mataara mō:

Ngā ānau ako - te mahi tātai me te rahi tauira hei kite mēnā kei te herea koe ki ngā raraunga, ki te tauira rānei.
Kapinga roa - ko ngā momo onge engari he mea nui, me whai kohinga kua whakaritea, kaua ko te nuinga anake.
Tapanga haruru - inehia, kātahi ka whakaitihia; he iti noa iho ka taea, he ngaru tai kāore e taea.
Te nekehanga tohatoha - kāore pea ngā raraunga whakangungu mai i tētahi rohe, i tētahi hongere rānei e whānui ki tētahi atu; whakamanahia i runga i ngā raraunga whakamātautau rite ki te ūnga [5].

Ki te ruarua koe, whakahaerehia he whakamātautau iti, ka whakawhānui. He rite ki te tāpiri i ngā mea kakara - tāpirihia, whakamātauria, whakarerekētia, whakahokia.

Kei hea te kimi me te whakahaere i ngā huinga raraunga 🗂️

Ngā rauemi me ngā taputapu rongonui (kāore he take ki te maumahara i ngā URL i tēnei wā):

Huinga Raraunga Kanohi Awhi - te utaina kaupapa, te tukatuka, te tiritiri.
Rapunga Huinga Raraunga a Google - rapunga-meta puta noa i te tukutuku.
UCI ML Repository - he pukapuka rongonui kua whiriwhiria mō ngā kaupapa matua me te whakaakoranga.
OpenML - ngā mahi + ngā huinga raraunga + ka oma me te pūtake.
Tūmatanui AWS / Kapua Google - he umanga nui, he mea manaaki.

Tohutohu ngaio: kaua e tango noa iho. Pānuihia te raihana me te pepa raraunga , kātahi ka tuhia tō ake tārua me ngā tau putanga me te takenga mai [1].

Te tapanga me te tuhipoka - te wāhi e whiriwhiria ai te pono ✍️

Ko te tuhipoka te wāhi e tautohetohe ai tō aratohu tapanga ariā ki te mooni:

Te hoahoa mahi - tuhia ngā tohutohu mārama me ngā tauira me ngā tauira whakahē.
Whakangungu kaituhi tuhinga - whakatōkia ki ngā whakautu koura, whakahaere i ngā rauna whakatikatika.
Te whakahaere kounga - te whakamahi i ngā inenga whakaaetanga, ngā tikanga whakaae tahi, me ngā arotake ā-wā.
Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu - whiriwhiria ngā taputapu e whakamana ana i te manatoko kaupapa me te arotake i ngā rarangi; tae noa ki ngā ripanga tātai ka taea te mahi me ngā ture me ngā arowhai.
Ngā takahuri urupare - hopukina ngā tuhipoka whakamārama me ngā hapa tauira hei whakapai ake i te aratohu.

Ki te mea he rite ki te whakatika i tētahi papakupu me ētahi hoa tokotoru e whakahē ana mō ngā tohu koma… he mea noa tēnā. 🙃

Te tuhi raraunga - te whakamārama i te mōhiotanga ngaro 📒

Me kapi i tētahi pepa raraunga , kāri raraunga rānei

Nā wai i kohi, me pēhea, me te take hoki.
Ngā whakamahinga kua whakaritea me ngā whakamahinga i waho o te whānuitanga.
Ngā āputa, ngā whakaaro pōhewa, me ngā momo rahunga e mōhiotia ana.
Te tikanga tapanga, ngā mahi QA, me ngā tatauranga whakaaetanga.
Raihana, whakaaetanga, whakapā mai mō ngā take, tukanga tango.

Ngā Tauira me ngā Tauira: o ngā Rau Raraunga mō ngā Huinga Raraunga me ngā Kāri Tauira hei tīmatanga [1].

Tuhia i a koe e hanga ana, kaua i muri. He mea rokiroki ngoikore te mahara.

Ripanga Whakataurite - ngā wāhi hei kimi, hei manaaki rānei i ngā huinga raraunga AI 📊

Āe, he whakaaro nui tēnei. Ā, he āhua koretake te āhua o te whakatakoto kupu. Kāore he aha.

Utauta / Pūnaha Whakapūmau	hunga whakarongo	Utu	He aha i whai hua ai i roto i te mahi
Ngā Huinga Raraunga o te Kanohi Awhi	Ngā kairangahau, ngā miihini	Taumata-kore	Te tere o te uta, te rerema, ngā tuhinga hapori; ngā tuhinga tino pai; ngā huinga raraunga kua whakapūtātia
Rapu Huinga Raraunga a Google	Te katoa	Koreutu	He whānui te mata; he pai mō te tūhuratanga; ahakoa he rerekē ngā raraunga raraunga i ētahi wā
Putunga Pūkete UCI ML	Ngā ākonga, ngā kaiwhakaako	Koreutu	Ngā pukapuka rongonui kua whiriwhiria; he iti engari he ma; he pai mō ngā kaupapa matua me te whakaako
OpenML	Ngā kairangahau Repro	Koreutu	Ngā mahi + ngā huinga raraunga + ngā oma tahi; he ara pai mō ngā takenga mai
Rēhita Raraunga Tuwhera AWS	Ngā kaihanga raraunga	Kore utu te nuinga	Manaaki tauine-petabyte; urunga kapua-taketake; utu putanga mātakitaki
Ngā Huinga Raraunga Kaggle	Ngā Kaiwhakaora	Koreutu	He māmā te tiritiri, ngā tuhinga, ngā whakataetae; ka āwhina ngā tohu hapori ki te tātari i te haruru
Ngā Huinga Raraunga Tūmatanui a Google Cloud	Ngā kaitātari, ngā tīma	Koreutu + kapua	Kei te taha o te rorohiko te manaaki; te whakaurunga BigQuery; kia tupato ki te utu
Ngā tomokanga mātauranga, ngā taiwhanga	Ngā tohunga motuhake	Rerekē	He tino tohunga; i ētahi wā kāore i te tino tuhia - he pai tonu te rapu

(Ki te āhua kōrerorero te pūtau, he mea āta whakaarohia tēnā.)

Te hanga i tāu mea tuatahi - he kete tīmatanga whai hua 🛠️

Kei te hiahia koe ki te neke mai i "he aha te huinga raraunga AI" ki "I hanga e au tētahi, e mahi ana." Whakamātauria tēnei ara iti rawa:

Tuhia te whakatau me te inenga - hei tauira, whakaitihia ngā ara hē o te tautoko mā te matapae i te tīma tika. Inenga: macro-F1.
Whakarārangihia kia 5 ngā tauira pai me ngā tauira kino e 5 - tangohia he tauira tīkiti tūturu; kaua e tito noa.
Tuhia he aratohu tapanga - kotahi whārangi; he ture whakauru/whakakore mārama.
Kohia he tauira iti, tūturu - he rau tīkiti puta noa i ngā kāwai; tangohia te PII kāore e hiahiatia ana e koe.
Wehewehea me ngā tirotiro turuturu - puritia ngā karere katoa mai i te kiritaki kotahi ki te wehenga kotahi; whakamahia te whakamana whakawhiti hei whakatau tata i te rerekētanga [5].
Tāpirihia he whakamārama ki te QA - e rua ngā whakamārama i runga i tētahi huinga iti; whakatauria ngā whakahē; whakahou i te aratohu.
Whakangunguhia he kaupapa matua māmā - te whakahaere i ngā mahi i te tuatahi (hei tauira, ngā tauira raina, ngā whakawhiti iti rānei). Ko te kaupapa he whakamātautau i ngā raraunga, kaua e toa mētara.
Arotake i ngā hapa - kei hea te hapa, me te take; whakahōuhia te huinga raraunga, kaua ko te tauira anake.
Tuhinga - pepa raraunga iti: pūtake, hononga aratohu tapanga, wehenga, rohenga e mōhiotia ana, raihana [1].
Whakahou i te mahere - he kāwai hou, he reo hou, he rohe hou ka tae mai; whakaritea he whakahōutanga iti, auau [3].

Ka nui ake āu ako i tēnei huringa i tō te mano o ngā whakaaro rongonui. Me pupuri hoki he tārua. Tēnā koa.

Ngā mahanga noa e puta puku mai ana ki ngā tīma 🪤

Te turuturu raraunga - ka uru te whakautu ki ngā āhuatanga (hei tauira, te whakamahi i ngā āpure whai muri i te whakataunga hei matapae i ngā putanga). He rite ki te tinihanga, nā te mea.
He kanorau papaku - kotahi te whenua, kotahi te taputapu rānei e whakaahua ana i tōna ao whānui. Mā ngā whakamātautau e whakaatu te hurihanga o te kōrero.
Te nekenekehanga o te tapanga - ka huri ngā paearu i roto i te wā engari kāore te aratohu tapanga e pērā. Tuhia me te whakaputa i tō ontology.
Ngā whāinga kāore i te tino tautuhia - ki te kore e taea e koe te tautuhi i tētahi matapae kino, e kore hoki ō raraunga e tutuki.
Ehara ngā raihana pōrearea
Te whakanui rawa - he raraunga hangai e whakaako ana i ngā taonga koretake, pērā i te whakangungu i te kaimahi tunu kai ki ngā hua kirihou.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te rerenga kōrero tonu ❓

He whakamāramatanga noa iho te kīanga "He aha te huinga raraunga AI?"? Ko te nuinga, engari he tohu anō hoki e aro ana koe ki ngā wāhanga hoha e pono ai ngā tauira.
Me whai tapanga tonu ahau? Kāo. He maha ngā wā ka pekehia ngā tapanga mārama e ngā whakaritenga kore tirotiro, whaiaro tirotiro, me te RL, engari he mea nui tonu te whiriwhiri.
Ka taea e au te whakamahi i ngā raraunga tūmatanui mō tetahi mea? Kāo. Whakautehia ngā raihana, ngā tikanga o te tūāpapa, me ngā herenga tūmataiti [4].
Nui ake, pai ake rānei? E rua, ko te tumanako. Ki te mea me whiriwhiri koe, whiriwhiria te mea pai ake i te tuatahi.

Ngā Kōrero Whakamutunga - Ngā mea ka taea e koe te tango pikitia 📌

Ki te pātai mai tētahi ki a koe he aha te huinga raraunga AI , me kī atu: he kohinga tauira kua whiriwhiria, kua tuhia hoki e whakaako ana, e whakamātautau ana i tētahi tauira, kua takaihia ki te whakahaere kia taea ai e te tangata te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hua. Ko ngā huinga raraunga pai rawa atu he tohu, he pai te tapanga, he ma te ture, ā, e tiakina tonutia ana. Ko te toenga he taipitopito - he taipitopito nui - mō te hanganga, ngā wehenga, me aua ārai iti katoa e ārai ana i ngā tauira kia kore e haereere ki roto i te waka. I ētahi wā ka rite te tukanga ki te māra me ngā ripanga tātai; i ētahi wā ka rite ki te kahui pika. Ahakoa pēhea, haumi ki ngā raraunga, ā, ka iti ake te rerekētanga o āu tauira. 🌱🤖

Ngā Tohutoro

[1] Ngā Rau Raraunga mō ngā Huinga Raraunga - Gebru et al., arXiv. Hononga
[2] Ngā Kāri Tauira mō te Pūrongo Tauira - Mitchell et al., arXiv. Hononga
[3] Anga Whakahaere Mōrearea Matauranga Horihori NIST (AI RMF 1.0) . Hononga
[4] Aratohu me ngā rauemi GDPR o te UK - Tari Komihana Mōhiohio (ICO). Hononga
[5] Whakamana-whakawhiti: aromatawai i te mahi a te kaiwhakatau - Aratohu Kaiwhakamahi scikit-learn. Hononga

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