He mea ngaro te ahua o ngā whatunga io tae noa ki te korenga e kitea. Mena kua whakaaro koe he aha te Whatunga Io i roto i te AI? ā, he pāngarau noa iho me te pōtae whakapaipai, kei te wāhi tika koe. Ka pupuri mātou i te mahi whaihua, ka tāpirihia he iti noa ngā huringa, āe - ētahi emoji. Ka wehe atu koe me te mōhio he aha ēnei pūnaha, he aha i mahi ai, kei hea e kore ai e angitu, me pēhea te kōrero mō rātou me te kore e whakamā.
Ngā tuhinga ka pai pea koe ki te pānui i muri i tēnei:
🔗 He aha te whakaaro pākiki o te AI
Te mārama ki te whakaaro pākiki i roto i ngā pūnaha me ngā rautaki AI hei whakarite i te tika.
🔗 He aha te AI matapae
Te whakamahi a te AI matapae i ngā tauira hei matapae i ngā putanga ā meake nei.
🔗 He aha te kaiwhakaako AI
Te tūhura i te tūranga me ngā kawenga o ngā tohunga e whakangungu ana i te AI.
🔗 He aha te tirohanga rorohiko i roto i te AI
Te whakamārama me te tātari a te AI i ngā raraunga tirohanga mā te tirohanga rorohiko.
He aha te Whatunga Niho i roto i te AI? Te whakautu 10-hēkona ⏱️
Ko te whatunga io he puranga o ngā waeine tatau māmā e kiia nei ko ngā neuron e tuku ana i ngā tau ki mua, e whakarerekē ana i ō rātou kaha hononga i te wā whakangungu, ā, e ako haere ana i ngā tauira i roto i ngā raraunga. Ina rongo koe i te ako hohonu , ko te tikanga he whatunga io he maha ngā paparanga kua whakarārangihia, ka puta aunoa te ako hei utu mō te tuhi ā-ringa. Arā, he maha ngā wāhanga pāngarau iti, kua whakaritea kia mōhio, kua whakangungua ki ngā raraunga kia whai hua rā anō [1].
He aha te mea e whai hua ai te Whatunga Io? ✅
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Mana whakaatu : Mēnā he tika te hoahoa me te rahi, ka taea e ngā whatunga te whakatau tata i ngā mahi tino uaua (tirohia te Kaupapa Whakatata Ao) [4].
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Te ako mai i te pito ki te pito : Engari ko ngā āhuatanga hanga-ā-ringa, ka kitea e te tauira [1].
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Whakawhānui : Kāore te whatunga kua whakaritea pai e maumahara noa - ka mahi i runga i ngā raraunga hou, kāore i kitea [1].
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Te Āhuatanga Tauine : He maha ngā wā ka whakapai ake ngā huinga raraunga nui ake me ngā tauira nui ake i ngā hua… tae atu ki ngā rohe mahi pēnei i te kounga rorohiko me te raraunga [1].
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Te Whakawhiti : Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga i akohia i roto i tētahi mahi te āwhina i tētahi atu (te whakawhiti ako me te whakatikatika) [1].
He tuhipoka iti (tauira horopaki): Ka whakawhitihia e tētahi tīma whakarōpūtanga hua iti ngā āhuatanga hanga-ā-ringa mō tētahi CNN iti, ka tāpirihia he whakanuinga ngāwari (hurihuri/tapa), ka mātaki i te hekenga o ngā hapa whakamana - ehara i te mea nā te mea he "makutu" te whatunga, engari nā te mea i akohia e ia ētahi atu āhuatanga whai hua mai i ngā pika.
"He aha te Whatunga Io i roto i te AI?" i te reo Pākehā māmā, me tētahi kupu whakarite ruarua 🍞
Whakaarohia he rārangi tunu taro. Ka uru mai ngā kai, ka whakarerekētia e ngā kaimahi te tunu, ka amuamu ngā kaiwhakamātautau reka, ā, ka whakahoutia anō e te tīma te tunu. I roto i te whatunga, ka rere ngā whakaurunga mā roto i ngā paparanga, ka mākahia te putanga e te mahi ngaronga, ā, ka akiakihia ngā taumaha e ngā rōnaki kia pai ake te mahi i te wā e whai ake nei. Ehara i te mea tino tika hei kupu whakarite - kāore te taro e taea te wehewehe - engari ka piri tonu [1].
Te hanganga o te whatunga io 🧩
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Ngā Neuron : Ngā tātaitai iti e whakamahi ana i te tapeke taumaha me te mahi whakahohe.
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Taumaha me ngā whakaaro taurite : He pātene whakarerekētanga e tautuhi ana i te hononga o ngā tohu.
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Ngā Papa : Ka whiwhi raraunga te papa tāuru, ka hurihia e ngā papa huna, ā, ka matapaetia e te papa tāuru.
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Ngā mahi whakahohe : Mā ngā takahuri kore-raina pēnei i a ReLU, sigmoid, tanh, me softmax ka ngāwari ake te ako.
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Mahi Ngaronga : He kaute mō te hē o te matapae (whakawhiti-entropy mō te whakarōpūtanga, MSE mō te whakatauira).
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Arotau : Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha pēnei i a SGD, Adam rānei ngā rōnaki hei whakahou i ngā taumaha.
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Te Whakaritenga : Ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakataka, te hekenga rānei o te taumaha hei ārai i te taunga rawa o te tauira.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te tikanga ōkawa (engari he ngāwari tonu te pānui), ka kapi te pukapuka tuwhera Deep Learning i ngā mea katoa: ngā turanga pāngarau, te arotautanga, me te whakawhanuitanga [1].
Ngā mahi whakahohe, he poto engari he āwhina ⚡
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ReLU : Kore mō ngā mea kino, rārangi mō ngā mea pai. Māmā, tere, whai hua.
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Sigmoid : Ka kōpeke i ngā uara i waenga i te 0 me te 1 - he whai hua engari ka taea te whakakī.
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Tanh : He rite ki te sigmoid engari he ōrite te āhua huri noa i te kore.
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Softmax : Ka huri i ngā kaute mata hei tūponotanga puta noa i ngā akomanga.
Kāore koe e hiahia ki te maumahara ki ngā āhua katoa o te kōpiko - me mōhio noa ki ngā taupatupatu me ngā taunoa noa [1, 2].
Te āhua o te ako: te tautoko i muri, engari ehara i te mea whakamataku 🔁
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Whakamua : Ka rere ngā raraunga papatahi ki te papatahi hei whakaputa i tētahi matapae.
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Te ngaronga o te tātai : Whakatauritehia te matapae ki te pono.
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Whakatōmuri : Tātaihia ngā pikinga o te ngaronga e pā ana ki ia taumaha mā te whakamahi i te ture mekameka.
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Whakahōu : Ka paku whakarerekē te arotau i ngā taumaha.
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Whakahoki : He maha ngā wā. Ka ako haere te tauira.
Mō te māramatanga ā-ringa me ngā tirohanga me ngā whakamārama e pā ana ki te waehere, tirohia ngā tuhipoka CS231n matarohia mō te backprop me te arotautanga [2].
Ngā whānau matua o ngā whatunga io, he tirohanga poto 🏡
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Whatunga Whāngai Whakamua (MLP) : Ko te momo māmā rawa. Ka neke whakamua noa ngā raraunga.
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Ngā Whatunga Io Whakakotahi (CNN) : He pai mō ngā whakaahua nā ngā tātari ā-wāhi e kitea ai ngā taha, ngā kakano, ngā āhua [2].
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Ngā Whatunga Io Auau (RNN) me ngā momo rerekētanga : I hangaia mō ngā raupapatanga pēnei i te tuhinga, i ngā raupapa wā rānei mā te pupuri i te tikanga o te raupapa [1].
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Ngā Whakawhiti : Whakamahia te aro ki te whakatauira i ngā whanaungatanga puta noa i ngā tūranga i roto i te raupapatanga katoa i te wā kotahi; he mea nui i roto i te reo me tua atu [3].
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Ngā Whatunga Io o te Kauwhata (GNN) : Mahi i runga i ngā pūnga me ngā taha o te kauwhata - he mea whai hua mō ngā ngota, ngā whatunga pāpori, te taunakitanga [1].
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Ngā Kaiwhakakōwaehere Aunoa me ngā VAE : Akohia ngā whakaaturanga kua kōpeketia me te whakaputa i ngā rerekētanga [1].
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Ngā tauira whakaputa : Mai i ngā GAN ki ngā tauira horapa, e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaahua, oro, tae atu ki te waehere [1].
He tino pai ngā tuhipoka CS231n mō ngā CNN, ko te pepa Transformer ia te puna matua mō ngā tauira aro-aro [2, 3].
Ripanga whakatairite: ngā momo whatunga io noa, mā wai rātou, ngā kare ā-utu, me te take e mahi ai 📊
| Utauta / Momo | hunga whakarongo | Te utu pea | He aha i mahi ai |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whāngai Whakamua (MLP) | Ngā tīmatanga, ngā kaitātari | Iti-waenganui | Ngā turanga māmā, ngāwari, pai hoki |
| CNN | Ngā tīma tirohanga | Waenga | Ngā tauira ā-rohe + te tiritiri tawhā |
| RNN / LSTM / GRU | Ngā tāngata raupapa | Waenga | Te maharatanga wā-āhua-āhua… ka hopu i te raupapa |
| Whakawhitiwhiti | NLP, maha-ara | Waenga-teitei | Ka arotahi te aro ki ngā whanaungatanga e tika ana |
| GNN | Ngā kaipūtaiao, ngā recsys | Waenga | Mā te tuku karere ki ngā kauwhata e whakaatu te hanganga |
| Kaiwhakamāori Aunoa / VAE | Ngā kairangahau | Iti-waenganui | Ka ako i ngā whakaaturanga kua kōpeketia |
| GAN / Horapa | Ngā taiwhanga auaha | Waenga-teitei | Te makutu whakakore haruru tautohe, te makutu whakaroa rānei |
Tuhipoka: ko te utu he mea e pā ana ki te rorohiko me te wā; he rerekē te tawhiti e taea e koe te whakamahi. He mea kōrerorero noa iho tētahi, e rua rānei ngā waea pūkoro.
"He aha te Whatunga Io i roto i te AI?" vs ngā rauropi ML tawhito ⚖️
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Te hangarau āhuatanga : He maha ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki te ML matarohia ki ngā āhuatanga ā-ringa. Ka ako aunoa ngā whatunga io i ngā āhuatanga - he wikitoria nui mō ngā raraunga uaua [1].
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Te hiakai raraunga : He maha ngā wā ka kitea te hiranga o ngā whatunga mēnā he nui ake ngā raraunga; ko ngā raraunga iti pea ka pai ake ki ngā tauira māmā ake [1].
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Tātaitanga : He pai ki ngā whatunga ngā whakateretere pērā i ngā GPU [1].
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Te taumata mahi : Mō ngā raraunga kore hanganga (ngā whakaahua, ngā oro, ngā tuhinga), ko ngā kupenga hōhonu te mea nui [1, 2].
Te tukanga whakangungu e tino whai hua ana i roto i te mahi 🛠️
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Tautuhia te whāinga : Whakarōpūtanga, whakatauira, whakatauranga, whakaputa - tīpakohia he hinganga e ōrite ana.
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Te tautohetohe raraunga : Wehea kia tereina/whakamana/whakamātautau. Whakaōritehia ngā āhuatanga. Tauritehia ngā akomanga. Mō ngā whakaahua, whakaarohia te whakanui ake pēnei i te huri, te tapahi, te haruru iti.
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Kōwhiringa hoahoanga : Tīmata māmā. Tāpirihia te kaha ina hiahiatia anake.
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Porowhita whakangungu : Whakapūpūhia ngā raraunga. Tuku whakamua. Tatauhia te ngaronga. Whakamuri. Whakahōu. Inenga takiuru.
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Whakarerekē : Whakamutu, heke te taumaha, mutu wawe.
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Arotake : Whakamahia te huinga whakamana mō ngā tawhā nui. Puritia he huinga whakamātautau mō te tirotiro whakamutunga.
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Tukuna marietia : Aroturukihia te nekenekehanga, tirohia mēnā he pīnakitanga, whakamaherehia ngā hurihanga.
Mō ngā akoranga e aro ana ki te waehere me te ariā pakari, ko te pukapuka ako tuwhera me ngā tuhipoka CS231n he punga pono [1, 2].
Te whakawhāiti rawa, te whakawhanui, me ētahi atu gremlins 👀
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Te Whakatakoto Taumaha : Ka maumahara te tauira ki ngā āhuatanga whakangungu. Whakatikahia mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga maha atu, te whakatikatika kaha ake, ngā hoahoanga māmā ake rānei.
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Kāore i te ōrite : He tino māmā rawa te tauira, he tino mataku rānei te whakangungu. Whakanuia te kaha, whakaharatau rānei kia roa ake.
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Te turuturu raraunga : Ka uru puku mai ngā mōhiohio mai i te huinga whakamātautau ki te whakangungu. Tirohia anō ō wehenga kia toru ngā wā.
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Whakatikatika ngoikore : He mea morearea te tauira e māia ana engari he hē. Whakaarohia te whakatikatika, te taumaha mate rerekē rānei.
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Te nekehanga o te tohatoha : Ngā nekehanga raraunga o te ao tūturu. Aroturuki me te urutau.
Mō te ariā kei muri i te whakawhanuitanga me te whakatikatika, whakawhirinaki ki ngā tohutoro paerewa [1, 2].
Te haumaru, te ngāwari o te whakamaoritanga, me te whakatinanatanga kawenga 🧭
Ka taea e ngā whatunga io te whakatau i ngā whakataunga nui. Kāore e ranea kia pai te mahi i runga i te papaaho. Me whai kaupapa whakahaere, ine, me te whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga puta noa i te huringa ora. E whakamārama ana te Anga Whakahaere Mōrearea NIST AI i ngā mahi whaihua - KAWANATANGA, MAPĀ, INE, WHAKAHAERE - hei āwhina i ngā tīma ki te whakauru i te whakahaere mōrearea ki roto i te hoahoa me te whakatinanatanga [5].
He torutoru ngā akiaki tere:
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Arowhai whakaaro pōhēhē : Aromatawaihia puta noa i ngā wāhanga taupori ina tika, ina ture hoki.
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Te Whakamārama : Whakamahia ngā tikanga pēnei i te hiranga, te tohu āhuatanga rānei. Kāore i te tino tika, engari he whai hua.
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Aroturuki : Whakatakotoria ngā whakatūpato mō ngā hekenga ohorere o ngā inenga, te nekenekehanga rānei o ngā raraunga.
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Te tirotiro a te tangata : Kia mataara tonu te tangata mō ngā whakataunga nui. Kāore he mahi toa, engari ko te akuaku anake.
Ngā pātai e pātaihia pinepinetia ana e koe 🙋
He roro noa iho rānei te whatunga io?
I whakaaweawetia e te roro, āe - engari i whakangawaritia. Ko ngā neuron i roto i ngā whatunga he mahi pāngarau; ko ngā neuron koiora he pūtau ora me ngā āhuatanga uaua. He rite ngā kare ā-roto, he tino rerekē te ahupūngao [1].
E hia ngā paparanga e hiahiatia ana e au?
Tīmata mā te iti. Ki te kore e tika te rahi, tāpirihia te whānui, te hōhonu rānei. Ki te kore e tika te rahi, whakatikatikahia, whakaitihia rānei te kaha. Kāore he tau makutu; ko ngā pihi whakamana me te manawanui anake [1].
Me whai GPU tonu ahau?
Kāore i te wā katoa. Ka taea e ngā tauira iti i runga i ngā raraunga iti te whakangungu i runga i ngā CPU, engari mō ngā whakaahua, ngā tauira tuhinga nui, ngā huinga raraunga nui rānei, ka penapenahia e ngā whakatere te nui o te wā [1].
He aha te take e kī ai te tangata he kaha te aro?
Nā te mea ka taea e te aro te arotahi i ngā tauira ki ngā wāhanga tino whaitake o tētahi whakaurunga me te kore e haere tika i runga i te raupapa. Ka hopukina e ia ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā mahi reo me ngā mahi maha-ara [3].
He rerekē te "He aha te Whatunga Io i roto i te AI?" i te "he aha te ako hohonu"?
Ko te ako hōhonu te huarahi whānui e whakamahi ana i ngā whatunga io hōhonu. Nō reira, ko te pātai He aha te Whatunga Io i roto i te AI? he rite ki te pātai mō te kiripuaki matua; ko te ako hōhonu te kiriata katoa [1].
He tohutohu whai hua, he whakaaro whānui 💡
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ngā tūāpapa māmā te mea pai i te tuatahi. Ahakoa he iti noa te perceptron maha-paparanga ka taea te kī atu ki a koe mēnā ka taea te ako i ngā raraunga.
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Kia taea te tārua i tō ara raraunga . Ki te kore e taea te whakahaere anō, kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki.
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te tere o te ako i tō whakaaro. Whakamātauria he kaupapa ako. Ka taea e te whakamahana te āwhina.
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i te rahi o ngā puranga . Mā ngā puranga nui ka whakau i ngā pikinga engari ka rerekē pea te whānui.
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Ina pōhēhē koe, ko ngā pihi ngaronga me ngā paerewa taumaha . Ka miharo koe ki te auau o te whakautu kei roto i ngā kauwhata.
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Tuhia ngā whakapae. He tere te wareware i ngā mea mō te heke mai [1, 2].
He tirohanga hōhonu: te tūranga o ngā raraunga, te take rānei he aha te tikanga o te para ki roto ko te para ki waho 🗑️➡️✨
Kāore ngā whatunga io e whakatika mā te makutu i ngā raraunga hapa. Ka pāorooro ngā tapanga hē, ngā hapa tuhipoka, ngā tauira whaiti rānei puta noa i te tauira. Whakaritea, arotakehia, me te whakanui ake. Ā, ki te kore koe e tino mōhio mēnā me nui ake ngā raraunga, me pai ake rānei te tauira, he māmā noa iho te whakautu: e rua - engari tīmata ki te kounga raraunga [1].
"He aha te Whatunga Io i roto i te AI?" - ngā whakamāramatanga poto ka taea e koe te whakamahi anō 🧾
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He whatunga io he kaiwhakatau mahi paparanga e ako ana i ngā tauira uaua mā te whakarerekē i ngā taumaha mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu rōnaki [1, 2].
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He pūnaha tēnei e huri ana i ngā tāurunga ki ngā putanga mā roto i ngā mahi kore-raina, kua whakangungua hei whakaiti i te ngaronga [1].
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He huarahi whakatauira ngāwari, hiakai-raraunga tēnei e tupu pai ana i runga i ngā whakaurunga kore hanganga pēnei i ngā whakaahua, tuhinga, me te oro [1, 2, 3].
He roa rawa, kāore i pānuihia, me ngā kōrero whakamutunga 🎯
Ki te pātai mai tētahi ki a koe, He aha te Whatunga Io i roto i te AI? anei te kōrero poto: he puranga waeine māmā te whatunga io e whakawhiti ana i ngā raraunga i ia taahiraa, e ako ana i te whakawhiti mā te whakaiti i te ngaronga me te whai i ngā pikinga. He kaha rātou nā te mea ka tauinehia, ka ako aunoa i ngā āhuatanga, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i ngā mahi tino uaua [1, 4]. He morearea rātou mēnā ka warewarehia te kounga raraunga, te whakahaere, te aroturuki rānei [5]. Ā, ehara i te makutu. He pāngarau noa iho, he rorohiko, me te hangarau pai - me te paku reka.
He pānui anō, i whiriwhiria marietia (ngā tāpiritanga kāore he tohutoro)
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Ngā tuhipoka a Stanford CS231n - he māmā te whakatata atu, ā, he whai hua hoki: https://cs231n.github.io/
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DeepLearningBook.org - tohutoro matua: https://www.deeplearningbook.org/
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Anga Whakahaere Mōrearea AI NIST - aratohu AI kawenga: https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework
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"Ko te aro anake te mea e hiahiatia ana e koe" - te pepa a Transformer: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. Te Ako Hōhonu . MIT Press. Putanga ipurangi kore utu: pānuihia atu
[2] Stanford CS231n. Ngā Whatunga Io Whakakotahi mō te Mōhio Tirohanga (ngā tuhipoka akoranga): pānuihia atu
[3] Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., et al. (2017). Ko te Arotahi anake te mea e hiahiatia ana e koe . NeurIPS. arXiv: pānuihia atu
[4] Cybenko, G. (1989). Te whakatata mā te taupatupatu o tētahi mahi sigmoidal . Pāngarau o te Mana, ngā Tohu me ngā Pūnaha , 2, 303–314. Springer: pānuihia atu
[5] NIST. Anga Whakahaere Mōrearea AI (AI RMF) : pānuihia atu