Me pēhea te ako a te AI?, ka whakamāramahia e tēnei aratohu ngā ariā nui i roto i te reo māmā - me ngā tauira, ngā ara hurihuri iti, me ētahi kupu whakarite kāore i tino tika hei āwhina. Kia tīmata tātou. 🙂
Ngā tuhinga ka pai pea koe ki te pānui i muri i tēnei:
🔗 He aha te AI matapae
Te matapae a ngā tauira matapae i ngā putanga mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga o mua me ngā raraunga o te wā tūturu.
🔗 He aha ngā ahumahi ka whakararuraruhia e te AI
Ko ngā rāngai e tino hurihia ana e te aunoatanga, te tātari, me ngā kaihoko.
🔗 He aha te tikanga o te GPT
He whakamārama mārama mō te kupu whakarāpopoto GPT me ōna pūtake.
🔗 He aha ngā pūkenga AI
Ngā pūkenga matua mō te hanga, te whakatinana, me te whakahaere i ngā pūnaha AI.
Nā, me pēhea te mahi? ✅
Ina pātai te tangata me pēhea te ako a te AI?, ko tā rātou e kī ana ko: me pēhea te whai hua o ngā tauira, kaua ko ngā taonga tākaro pāngarau noa iho. Ko te whakautu he tunu kai:
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Whāinga mārama - he mahi ngaronga e tautuhi ana i te tikanga o te "pai". [1]
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Raraunga kounga - he rerekē, he ma, he whai tikanga. He āwhina te rahinga; he āwhina te whānuitanga. [1]
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Te arotautanga pumau - te hekenga piki me ngā tinihanga hei karo i te wiri i te pari. [1], [2]
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Whakawhanuitanga - te angitu ki ngā raraunga hou, kaua ko te huinga whakangungu anake. [1]
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Ngā takahuri urupare - aromatawai, tātari hapa, me te whakahounga. [2], [3]
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Te haumaru me te pono - ngā ārai, ngā whakamātautau, me ngā tuhinga kia kore ai e pōrearea. [4]
Mō ngā kaupapa matua e ngāwari ana te whakatata atu, ka hipokina e te tuhinga ako hōhonu tawhito, ngā tuhipoka akoranga e ngāwari ana te tiro, me te akoranga tere ā-ringa ngā mea nui me te kore e totohu koe ki ngā tohu. [1]–[3]
Me pēhea te ako a te AI? Ko te whakautu poto i te reo Pākehā māmā ✍️
Ka tīmata te tauira AI me ngā uara tawhā matapōkere. Ka hangaia he matapae. Ka tohua e koe taua matapae ki te ngaronga . Kātahi ka akiaki koe i aua tawhā hei whakaiti i te ngaronga mā te whakamahi i ngā pikinga . Whakahokia tēnei porowhita puta noa i ngā tauira maha kia mutu rā anō te whakapai ake o te tauira (kia pau rānei āu kai). Koinei te porowhita whakangungu i roto i te manawa kotahi. [1], [2]
Ki te hiahia koe ki tētahi atu kōrero tika, tirohia ngā wāhanga mō te hekenga whakarara me te horapa whakamuri i raro nei. Mō ngā kōrero whakamārama tere, ngāwari hoki, he maha ngā kauhau poto me ngā taiwhanga e wātea ana. [2], [3]
Ngā kaupapa matua: raraunga, whāinga, arotautanga 🧩
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Raraunga : Ngā whakaurunga (x) me ngā whāinga (y). Mā te whānui me te ma o ngā raraunga, ka pai ake te tūponotanga ki te whakawhanui. Ehara i te mea ataahua te whiriwhiri raraunga, engari koia te toa kāore i te mōhiotia. [1]
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Tauira : He mahi (f_\theta(x)) me ngā tawhā (\theta). Ko ngā whatunga io he puranga o ngā waeine māmā e honoa ana i roto i ngā huarahi uaua—he pereki Lego, engari he maeneene ake. [1]
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Whāinga : He ngaronga (L(f_\theta(x), y)) e ine ana i te hapa. Tauira: hapa tapawhā toharite (whakamuri) me te whakawhiti-entropy (whakarōpūtanga). [1]
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Arotautanga : Whakamahia te hekenga whakarara (matapōkere) hei whakahou i ngā tawhā: (\theta \leftarrow \theta - \eta \nabla_\theta L). Ko te tere ako (\eta): nui rawa, ā, ka pekepeke koe; iti rawa, ā, ka moe roa koe. [2]
Mō ngā whakaurunga mārama ki ngā mahi ngaronga me te arotautanga, he tino pai ngā tuhipoka matarohia mō ngā mahi whakangungu me ngā mahanga. [2]
Ako mā te tirotiro: ako mai i ngā tauira kua tohua 🎯
Whakaaro : Whakaaturia ngā takirua tauira o te tāuru me te whakautu tika. Ka ako te tauira i tētahi mahere (x \rightarrow y).
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Ngā mahi noa : te whakarōpūtanga o ngā whakaahua, te tātari kare ā-roto, te matapae ripanga, te mōhio ki te reo.
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Ngā mate noa : te whakawhiti-entropy mō te whakarōpūtanga, te hapa tapawhā toharite mō te whakatauira. [1]
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Ngā mahanga : te haruru o ngā tapanga, te kore taurite o te akomanga, te turuturu raraunga.
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Ngā Whakatikatika : te tauira paparanga, ngā mate pakari, te whakatikatika, me te kohikohi raraunga kanorau ake. [1], [2]
I runga i ngā tekau tau o ngā paearu me ngā mahi whakaputa, ko te ako tirotiro tonu te mea tino mahi nā te mea ka taea te matapae i ngā hua, ā, he māmā noa ngā inenga. [1], [3]
Te ako kore tirotiro me te ako whaiaro: akohia te hanganga o ngā raraunga 🔍
kāore he kaitiaki, kāore he tapanga.
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Whakarōpū : whakarōpū i ngā pūwāhi ōrite—he māmā noa te k-means, ā, he tino whai hua.
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Te whakaiti i te whānuitanga : te kōpeke i ngā raraunga ki ngā aronga matua—ko te PCA te taputapu kuaha.
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Te whakatauira kiato/whakaputa : akohia te tohatoha raraunga tonu. [1]
he mea tirotiro-ā-koe : ka hangaia e ngā tauira ā rātou ake tirotiro (matapae huna, ako rerekētanga), ka taea ai e koe te whakangungu i mua i ngā moana o ngā raraunga kāore i tapaina, ā, ka whakatikatikahia i muri mai. [1]
Te ako whakapakari: ako mā te mahi me te whiwhi urupare 🕹️
te kaihoko me te taiao , ka whiwhi utu , ā, ka ako i tētahi kaupapa here e whakanui ana i te utu mō te wā roa.
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Ngā wāhanga matua : te āhua, te mahi, te utu, te kaupapa here, te uara.
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Ngā Aratohu : Te ako-Q, ngā pikinga kaupapa here, te kaiwhakaari-kaitātari.
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Te tūhuratanga me te whakamahi kino : whakamātauria ngā mea hou, whakamahia anō rānei ngā mea e whai hua ana.
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Te tuku whiwhinga : ko tēhea mahi i hua ai tēhea putanga?
Ka taea e ngā urupare a te tangata te ārahi i te whakangungu ina he pōrearea ngā utu—mā te whakatauranga, mā ngā manakohanga rānei ka āwhina i te hanga whanonga me te kore e whakarite ā-ringa i te utu tino tika. [5]
Te ako hōhonu, te tautoko tuara, me te hekenga whakarara - te ngākau e pāorooro ana 🫀
He hanganga o ngā mahi māmā ngā kupenga io. Hei ako, ka whakawhirinaki ki te whakamuri whakatōtō :
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Whakawhiti whakamua : tatau i ngā matapae mai i ngā tāurunga.
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Ngaronga : te ine i te hapa i waenga i ngā matapae me ngā whāinga.
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Whakamuri whakamuri : whakamahia te ture mekameka hei tatau i ngā pikinga o te ngaronga mō ia tawhā.
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Whakahōu : te neke i ngā tawhā ki te rōnaki mā te whakamahi i tētahi arotau.
Ko ngā momo rerekē pēnei i a momentum, RMSProp, me Adam ka whakaiti i te āhua o te whakangungu. Ko ngā tikanga whakatikatika pēnei i te dropout , te weight decay , me te previous stopping ka āwhina i ngā tauira ki te whakawhanui i te tauira, kaua ki te maumahara. [1], [2]
Ngā Hurihanga me te aro: he aha te āhua atamai o ngā tauira hou 🧠✨
I whakakapia e ngā Transformers ngā whakatakotoranga maha o te reo me te tirohanga. Ko te mahi matua ko te aro-ā-koe , e āhei ai te tauira ki te paunatia ngā wāhanga rerekē o tana whakaurunga i runga i te horopaki. Mā ngā waehere tūnga ka taea te whakahaere i te raupapa, ā, mā te aro-maha-upoko ka taea e te tauira te arotahi ki ngā whanaungatanga rerekē i te wā kotahi. Ko te tauine - he maha ake ngā raraunga kanorau, he maha ake ngā tawhā, he roa ake te whakangungu - he maha ngā wā ka āwhina, me te hekenga o ngā hokinga mai me te pikinga o ngā utu. [1], [2]
Te whakawhanui, te tāpiritanga nui, me te kanikani rerekētanga-pēhanga 🩰
Ka taea e te tauira te eke ki te taumata teitei i te huinga whakangungu, ā, ka hinga tonu i te ao tūroa.
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Overfitting : ka maumahara ki te haruru. Hapa whakangungu ki raro, hapa whakamātautau ki runga.
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Kāore i te tino tika te taunga : he tino māmā noa iho; kāore e taea te tohu.
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Tauhokohoko taupatupatu pānga-rerekētanga : ka whakaitihia e te uaua te pānga engari ka taea te whakanui ake i te rerekētanga.
Me pēhea te whakawhānui ake i te tirohanga whānui:
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He rerekē ngā raraunga - he rerekē ngā pūtake, ngā rohe, me ngā take taha.
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Te whakatikatika - te whakataka i te ako, te hekenga o te taumaha, te whakanui raraunga.
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Manatoko tika - he huinga whakamātautau ma, he manatoko whakawhiti mō ngā raraunga iti.
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Te aroturuki i te nekenekehanga - ka huri tō tohatoha raraunga i roto i te wā.
Mā te mahi mōhio ki te mōrearea ka whakatakotoria ēnei hei mahi huringa ora - te whakahaere, te mahere, te ine, me te whakahaere - ehara i te mea he rārangi arowhai kotahi. [4]
Ngā inenga nui: me pēhea tātou e mōhio ai kua puta te ako 📈
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Whakarōpūtanga : tika, pūmau, maumahara, F1, ROC AUC. Ko ngā raraunga kore taurite e hiahia ana ki ngā kōpiko pūmau-maumahara. [3]
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Whakamuritanga : MSE, MAE, (R^2). [1]
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Te whakatauranga/te tiki : MAP, NDCG, recall@K. [1]
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Ngā tauira whakaputa : te pōhēhētanga (reo), te BLEU/ROUGE/CIDEr (kuputuhi), ngā kaute e hangai ana ki te CLIP (maha-momo), me ngā aromatawai tangata-tino nui. [1], [3]
Kōwhiria ngā inenga e hangai ana ki te pānga o te kaiwhakamahi. Kāore pea he pānga o te pikinga iti o te tika mena ko ngā hua hē te utu tuturu. [3]
Te rere o te mahi whakangungu i te ao tūturu: he mahere māmā 🛠️
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Hangaia te anga o te raruraru - tautuhia ngā whakaurunga, ngā putanga, ngā here, me ngā paearu angitu.
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Te ara raraunga - te kohikohi, te tapanga, te horoi, te wehewehe, te whakanui.
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Tūāpapa - tīmata māmā noa iho; he tino whakataetae ngā tūāpapa rārangi, ngā tūāpapa rākau rānei.
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Te whakatauira - whakamātauria ētahi whānau: ngā rākau whakarei-whakanui (ripanga), ngā CNN (whakaahua), ngā whakawhiti (kuputuhi).
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Whakangungu - he maramataka, he rautaki tere ako, he tohu tirotiro, he tika whakauru mēnā e tika ana.
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Aromatawai - te tango hapa me te tātari hapa. Tirohia ngā hapa, kaua ko te toharite anake.
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Te whakatinanatanga - te paipa whakatau, te aroturuki, te takiuru, te mahere whakamuri.
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Whakahou - te whakapai ake i ngā raraunga, te whakatikatika pai, ngā whakarerekētanga hoahoa rānei.
Take iti : i tīmata tētahi kaupapa whakarōpū īmēra me tētahi pūtake raina māmā, kātahi ka whakatikatika i tētahi whakawhiti kua whakangungua. Ehara i te tauira te wikitoria nui - engari ko te whakakaha i te rubric tapanga me te tāpiri i ngā kāwai "taha" kāore i te tino kitea. I te otinga o ēnei, ka whai te whakamana F1 i te mahi o te ao tūturu. (Tōu ake ā muri ake nei: tino whakawhetai.)
Te kounga raraunga, te tapanga, me te toi ngawari o te kore e teka ki a koe anō 🧼
Ko te para e uru ana, ko te pouri e puta ana. Me rite tonu, me ine, me arotake hoki ngā aratohu tapanga. He mea nui te whakaaetanga i waenga i ngā kaituhi.
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Tuhia ngā rārangi whakatau me ngā tauira, ngā kokonga, me ngā wātaka here.
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Arotakehia ngā huinga raraunga mō ngā tāruarua me ngā tata-tāruarua.
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Aroturuki i te pūtake mai - nō hea ia tauira me te take i whakaurua ai.
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Inehia te kapinga raraunga ki ngā horopaki kaiwhakamahi tūturu, kaua ki tētahi paearu māmā noa iho.
Ka tino uru pai ēnei ki ngā anga whānui o te whakapūmautanga me te whakahaere ka taea e koe te whakahaere. [4]
Te whakawhiti ako, te whakatikatika pai, me ngā urutau - whakamahia anō ngā mahi taumaha ♻️
Ka ako ngā tauira kua whakangungua i mua i ngā whakaaturanga whānui; mā te whakatikatika pai ka urutau ki tāu mahi me te iti ake o ngā raraunga.
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Tango āhuatanga : whakatio i te tuaiwi, whakangungua he upoko iti.
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Whakatikatika katoa : whakahōuhia ngā tawhā katoa mō te kaha mōrahi.
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Ngā tikanga whai hua mō ngā tawhā : ngā urutau, ngā whakahōutanga iti-taumata momo LoRA - he pai ina he iti te rorohiko.
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Te urutaunga rohe : te whakarite i ngā whakaurunga puta noa i ngā rohe; ngā huringa iti, ngā hua nui. [1], [2]
Nā tēnei tauira whakamahi anō i taea ai e ngā kaupapa hou te neke tere me te kore he tahua nui.
Te haumaru, te pono, me te whakahāngai - ngā wāhanga kore-whiringa 🧯
Ehara i te mea ko te tika anake te mea e ako ana. Me hiahia hoki koe ki ngā tauira pakari, tika, ā, e hangai ana ki te whakamahinga e tika ana.
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Te pakari o te whakataetae : ka taea e ngā raruraru iti te maminga i ngā tauira.
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Te whakaaro pōhewa me te tika : te ine i te mahi a te rōpū iti, kaua ko te toharite whānui anake.
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Te Whakamārama : mā te tohu āhuatanga me te tirotiro ka āwhina koe ki te kite i te take .
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Te tangata i roto i te porowhita : ngā ara whakapiki mō ngā whakataunga koretake, ngā whakataunga pānga nui rānei. [4], [5]
Ko te ako e ahu mai ana i ngā manakohanga tētahi huarahi whai hua hei whakauru i te whakatau a te tangata ina he pōuri ngā whāinga. [5]
Ngā Pātai Auau i roto i te meneti kotahi - tere te ahi ⚡
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Nā, ko te tikanga, Me pēhea te ako a te AI? Mā te arotau auau ki te ngaronga, me ngā pikinga e ārahi ana i ngā tawhā ki ngā matapae pai ake. [1], [2]
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He āwhina tonu te nui ake o ngā raraunga? I te nuinga o te wā, tae noa ki te hekenga o ngā hokinga mai. He maha ngā wā ka nui ake te rerekētanga i te rahinga mata. [1]
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Me pēhea mēnā he paru ngā tapanga? Whakamahia ngā tikanga kaha ki te haruru, ngā rubrics pai ake, ā, whakaarohia te whakangungu-mua e tirotirohia ana e koe. [1]
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He aha te take e kaha ai ngā whakawhiti hiko? Ka taurite te aro, ā, ka hopukina ngā whakawhirinakitanga tawhiti; kua pakari te mahi taputapu. [1], [2]
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Me pēhea taku mōhio kua oti taku whakangungu? Ka noho te ngaronga o te whakamana, ka tau te inenga, ā, ka mahi ngā raraunga hou kia rite ki te mea e tumanakohia ana - kātahi ka aroturukihia te rerekētanga. [3], [4]
Ripanga Whakataurite - ngā taputapu ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ēnei rā 🧰
He āhua rerekē te āhua. Ko ngā utu mō ngā whare pukapuka matua - he utu nui anō hoki mō te whakangungu i ngā taumata teitei.
| Utauta | Pai rawa atu mō | Utu | He aha i pai ai te mahi |
|---|---|---|---|
| PyTorch | Ngā kairangahau, ngā kaihanga | Koreutu - tuwhera src | He kauwhata hihiri, he pūnaha rauropi kaha, he akoranga pai. |
| TensorFlow | Ngā tīma whakaputa | Koreutu - tuwhera src | He ratonga pakeke, TF Lite mō te waea pūkoro; he hapori nui. |
| ako-scikit | Raraunga ripanga, ngā turanga | Koreutu | He API ma, he tere te mahi tāruarua, he rawe ngā tuhinga. |
| Keras | Ngā tauira tere | Koreutu | API taumata-tiketike i runga i te TF, ngā paparanga ka taea te pānui. |
| JAX | Ngā kaiwhakamahi mana, rangahau | Koreutu | Te whakarerekētanga aunoa i te āhua o te whakawhiti whakaahua, te tere XLA, te āhua huatau o te pāngarau. |
| Ngā Whakawhiti Kanohi Awhi | NLP, tirohanga, oro | Koreutu | Ngā tauira kua oti te whakangungu, he ngāwari te whakatikatika, he pai ngā pokapū. |
| Uira | Ngā rerengamahi whakangungu | Matua kore utu | Kei roto ko te hanganga, te takiuru, me ngā pākahiko maha-GPU. |
| XGBoost | Whakataetae ripanga | Koreutu | He pakari ngā tūāpapa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka angitu i runga i ngā raraunga hanganga. |
| Ngā Taumaha me ngā Pānga | Te aroturuki i te whakamātautau | Taumata kore utu | Te āheinga ki te tāruarua, te whakatairite i ngā oma, ngā takahuri ako tere ake. |
Ngā tuhinga whai mana hei tīmatanga: PyTorch, TensorFlow, me te aratohu kaiwhakamahi scikit-learn. (Kōwhiria tētahi, hangahia tētahi mea iti, whakahouhia.)
Ruku hohonu: ngā tohutohu whai hua hei whakaora i tō wā tūturu 🧭
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Ngā wātaka tere ako : mā te pirau cosine, mā te huringa kotahi rānei ka whakau te whakangungu.
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Rahi puranga : ehara i te mea ko te nui ake te inenga manatoko pai ake, ehara i te mea ko te putanga anake.
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Taumaha init : he pai ngā taunoa o ēnei rā; ki te kore e mahi te whakangungu, tirohia anō te tīmatanga, whakaritea rānei ngā paparanga o mua.
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Whakaōrite : ka taea e te paerewa puranga, te paerewa paparanga rānei te whakangawari i te arotautanga.
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Whakanui raraunga : huri/tapa/nekeneke tae mō ngā whakaahua; huna/whakawhiti tohu mō te tuhinga.
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Tātari hapa : mā te whakarōpū i ngā hapa mā te taha poro-kotahi ka tōia ngā mea katoa ki raro.
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Repro : whakatakoto purapura, taki i ngā hyperparams, tiaki i ngā pūwāhi tirotiro. Ka nui te mihi ki a koe ā muri ake nei, e oati ana ahau. [2], [3]
Ki te ruarua koe, me whai anō i ngā kaupapa matua. Ko ngā kaupapa matua tonu te tauira. [1], [2]
He kupu whakarite iti nei e tata ana te whai hua 🪴
He rite te whakangungu i tētahi tauira ki te whakamakuku i tētahi tipu me tētahi pūwero rerekē. He nui rawa te puna wai e whakakiia ana. He iti rawa te tauraki kāore e taea te whakauru. Mā te tere tika, me te hihi o te rā mai i ngā raraunga pai me ngā matūkai mai i ngā whāinga ma, ka tupu. Ae, he ahua tīhi, engari ka piri tonu.
Me pēhea te ako a te AI? Mā te whakakotahi i ngā mea katoa 🧾
Ka tīmata matapōkere te tauira. Mā roto i ngā whakahoutanga e ahu mai ana i te rōnaki, e arahina ana e te ngaronga, ka whakataurite i ana tawhā ki ngā tauira i roto i ngā raraunga. Ka puta mai ngā whakaaturanga e ngāwari ai te matapae. Ka whakamārama te aromatawai mēnā he pono te ako, ehara i te mea tūpono noa. Ā, mā te whakatikatika - me ngā ārai mō te haumaru - ka huri te whakaaturanga hei pūnaha pono. Koinā te kōrero katoa, me te iti ake o ngā kare ngaro i te āhua tuatahi. [1]–[4]
Ngā Kōrero Whakamutunga - Te Roa Rawa, Kāore i Pānuihia 🎁
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Me pēhea te ako a te AI? Mā te whakaiti i te ngaronga me ngā pikinga i runga i ngā tauira maha. [1], [2]
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Ko ngā raraunga pai, ko ngā whāinga mārama, me te arotau pumau ka mau tonu te ako. [1]–[3]
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He pai ake te whakawhanui i te maumahara - i ngā wā katoa. [1]
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Mā te haumaru, te aromatawai, me te whakahounga ka huri ngā whakaaro mohio ki ngā hua pono. [3], [4]
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Tīmata mā te māmā, ine pai, ā, whakapai ake mā te whakatika i ngā raraunga i mua i te whai i ngā hoahoanga tauhou. [2], [3]
Ngā Tohutoro
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Goodfellow, Bengio, Courville - Te Ako Hōhonu (kuputuhi ipurangi kore utu). Hononga
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Stanford CS231n - Ngā Whatunga Io Whakakotahi mō te Mōhio Tirohanga (ngā tuhipoka akoranga me ngā mahi). Hononga
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Google - Akoranga Āta Ako Mīhini: Ngā Inenga Whakarōpū (Pū, Tika, Whakamaumahara, ROC/AUC) . Hononga
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NIST - Anga Whakahaere Mōrearea AI (AI RMF 1.0) . Hononga
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OpenAI - Te ako mai i ngā Manakohanga Tangata (tirohanga whānui o te whakangungu e hangai ana ki ngā manakohanga). Hononga