Ngā Mahi Kāore e Taea e te AI te Whakakapi, ā, ko ēhea Ngā Mahi ka Whakakapitia e te AI? He Tirohanga Ao mō te Pānga o te AI ki te Mahi

Te Whakaahua i te Aranga Ake o te AI i roto i te Rōpū Mahi

I te tau 2023, neke atu i te toru hauwhā (77%) o ngā kamupene puta noa i te ao kua whakamahi, kua tūhuratia rānei ngā otinga AI ( AI Job Loss: Shocking Statistics Revealed ). He hua tūturu tēnei pikinga o te whakamahinga: 37% o ngā pakihi e whakamahi ana i te AI i kōrero mō te whakahekenga o ngā kaimahi i te tau 2023, ā, 44% i tumanakohia he nui ake ngā tapahi mahi e whakahaerehia ana e te AI i te tau 2024 ( AI Job Loss: Shocking Statistics Revealed ). I taua wā anō, e matapae ana ngā kaitātari ka taea e te AI te whakararu i ngā rau miriona mahi – e whakatau ana ngā kaiōhanga o Goldman Sachs e 300 miriona mahi puta noa i te ao ka pāngia e te aunoatanga AI ( 60+ Stats On AI Replacing Jobs (2024) ). Kāore he mea miharo ko te pātai "he aha ngā mahi ka whakakapia e te AI?" me "Ngā Mahi Kāore e Taea e te AI te Whakakapi" kua noho hei kaupapa matua mō ngā tautohetohe mō te heke mai o te mahi.

Heoi, kei te tuku mai te hītori i ētahi tirohanga. Nā ngā hurihanga hangarau o mua (mai i te miihini ki ngā rorohiko) i whakararuraru i ngā mākete mahi engari i waihangahia hoki he whai wāhitanga hou. I te tipu haere o ngā āheinga o te AI, he nui te kōrero mō te whai i tēnei ngaru o te aunoatanga i te tauira kotahi. Ka tirohia e tēnei pepa mā te whenua: me pēhea te mahi a te AI i roto i te horopaki o ngā mahi, ko ēhea ngā rāngai e tino pa ana ki te nekehanga, ko ēhea ngā tūranga e noho haumaru tonu ana (me te take), me ngā mea e matapaetia ana e ngā tohunga mō te hunga mahi o te ao. Kei roto i ngā raraunga hou, ngā tauira ahumahi, me ngā kōrero a ngā tohunga hei whakarato i tētahi tātaritanga whānui, hou tonu.

Te Mahi a te AI i roto i te Horopaki o ngā Mahi

ngā mahi motuhake – inā koa ko ngā mea e pā ana ki te mōhio tauira, te tukatuka raraunga, me te whakatau kaupapa noa. Engari i te whakaaro ki te AI he kaimahi rite ki te tangata, he pai ake te mārama he kohinga taputapu kua whakangungua hei mahi i ngā mahi whaiti. Kei roto i ēnei taputapu ko ngā rauropi ako mīhini e tātari ana i ngā raraunga nui, ki ngā pūnaha tirohanga rorohiko e tirotiro ana i ngā hua, ki ngā tukatuka reo tūturu pērā i ngā karetao kōrerorero e whakahaere ana i ngā pātai taketake a te kiritaki. I roto i ngā kupu mahi, ka taea e te AI te whakahaere aunoa i ngā wāhanga o te mahi : ka taea e ia te tātari tere i roto i ngā mano tini tuhinga mō ngā mōhiohio e tika ana, te taraiwa i tētahi waka i runga i tētahi huarahi kua whakaritea, te whakautu rānei i ngā pātai ratonga kiritaki māmā. Ko te tikanga o tēnei pūkenga e arotahi ana ki te mahi he maha ngā wā ka tautoko te AI i ngā kaimahi tangata mā te tango i ngā mahi auau.

He mea nui, he maha ngā mahi kei roto i te nuinga o ngā mahi, ā, ko ētahi noa iho o aua mahi ka tika mō te aunoatanga o te AI. I kitea i roto i tētahi tātaritanga a McKinsey he iti iho i te 5% o ngā mahi ka taea te aunoa katoa mā te hangarau o nāianei ( AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Arā, he uaua tonu te whakakapi katoa i te tangata i roto i te nuinga o ngā tūranga. Ko tā te AI ka taea te whakahaere i ngā wāhanga o tētahi mahi: inaa, tata ki te 60% o ngā mahi he wāhanga nui o ngā mahi ka taea te aunoa e te AI me ngā karetao pūmanawa ( AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Koinei te take e kite nei tātou i te AI e whakamahia ana hei taputapu tautoko – hei tauira, ka taea e tētahi pūnaha AI te whakahaere i te tirotiro tuatahi o ngā kaitono mahi, me te tohu i ngā CV pai rawa atu hei arotake mā tētahi kai kimi tangata. Ko te kaha o te AI kei roto i tōna tere me tōna ōritetanga mō ngā mahi kua tautuhia pai, engari kei te mau tonu te painga o te tangata i roto i te ngāwari whakawhiti-mahi, te whakatau uaua, me ngā pūkenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

He maha ngā tohunga e whakanui ana i tēnei rerekētanga. "Kāore anō kia mōhiotia te pānga katoa, engari kāore anō kia kitea he hangarau i roto i te hītori kua whakaiti i te mahi i runga i te ipurangi," te kī a Mary C. Daly, te Perehitini o te San Francisco Fed, me te whakanui ake ka huri pea te AI i te huarahi e mahi ai tātou, kaua e whakakore wawe i te tangata ( Te Tumuaki o te SF Fed Reserve, a Mary Daly, i te Fortune Brainstorm Tech Conference: Ka whakakapi te AI i ngā mahi, ehara i te tangata - San Francisco Fed ). I roto i ngā wā tata nei, kei te "whakakapi te AI i ngā mahi, ehara i te tangata," me te whakanui ake i ngā tūranga tangata mā te tango i ngā mahi noa, me te tuku i ngā kaimahi ki te arotahi ki ngā kawenga uaua ake. Ko te mārama ki tēnei āhuatanga he mea nui ki te tautuhi i ngā mahi ka whakakapia e te AI me ngā mahi kāore e taea e te AI te whakakapi - he maha ngā wā ko ngā mahi i roto i ngā mahi (ina koa ko ngā mahi auau, e ahu mai ana i ngā ture) e tino whakaraerae ana ki te aunoatanga.

Ngā Mahi Ka Tino Tūpono Ka Whakakapia e te AI (Mā te Rāngai)

Ahakoa kāore pea te AI e tino whakahaere i te nuinga o ngā mahi i te pō kotahi, he nui ake te whakaraerae o ētahi rāngai me ngā kāwai mahi ki te aunoatanga i ētahi atu. Ko ēnei he mara he nui ngā tukanga o ia rā, he nui ngā raraunga, he nekehanga tinana rānei e taea te matapae – arā, ngā wāhi e tino pai ana te AI me ngā hangarau karetao o nāianei. Kei raro nei, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā ahumahi me ngā tūranga ka whakakapia pea e te AI , me ngā tauira tūturu me ngā tatauranga e whakaatu ana i ēnei au:

Te Hanga me te Whakaputa

Ko te hanga tetahi o ngā wāhanga tuatahi i pāngia e te pānga o te aunoatanga, mā roto i ngā karetao ahumahi me ngā mīhini atamai. Ko ngā mahi raina huihuinga auau me ngā mahi hanga ngāwari kei te piki haere te mahi a ngā karetao me te tirohanga me te mana whakahaere e peia ana e te AI. Hei tauira, e Foxconn , he kaihanga hiko nui, ngā karetao hei whakakapi i te 60,000 kaimahi wheketere i roto i te whare kotahi mā te aunoa i ngā mahi huihuinga auau ( e 3 o ngā kaitukumahi nui 10 o te ao kei te whakakapi i ngā kaimahi ki ngā karetao | World Economic Forum ). I roto i ngā tipu motuka o te ao, ka whakarewahia, ka peitahia hoki ngā ringa karetao me te tika, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā mahi ā-ringa. Ko te mutunga mai, he maha ngā mahi hanga tuku iho - ngā kaiwhakahaere mīhini, ngā kaiwhakaemi, ngā kaiwhakatakoto - kei te whakakapia e ngā mīhini e arahina ana e te AI. E ai ki te World Economic Forum, ko ngā tūranga kaimahi huihuinga me te wheketere kei roto i ngā mea e heke ana , ā, kua ngaro kē ngā miriona o aua mahi i ngā tau tata nei i te tere haere o te aunoatanga ( AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). He ao whānui tēnei ia: ko ngā iwi ahumahi pēnei i a Hapani, Tiamana, Haina, me te US kei te whakamahi katoa i te hanga AI hei whakanui ake i te hua, he maha ngā wā ka pau ngā kaimahi raina tangata. Ko te painga, ka taea e te aunoatanga te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā wheketere, me te waihanga mahi hangarau hou (pēnei i ngā tohunga tiaki karetao), engari ko ngā tūranga whakaputa māmā noa iho kei te mōrearea ki te ngaro atu.

Hokohoko me te Tauhokohoko Ipurangi

I roto i te rāngai hokohoko, kei te whakarerekē te AI i te whakahaere o ngā toa me te hokohoko a ngā kaihoko. Ko te huringa tino kitea pea ko te pikinga ake o ngā kiosk utu-whaiaro me ngā toa aunoa. Ko ngā mahi kaiutuutu, i mua ko tētahi o ngā tūranga tino noa i roto i te hokohoko, kei te tapahia i te mea kei te haumi ngā kaihokohoko ki ngā pūnaha utu e whakamahia ana e te AI. Kei ngā mekameka hoko kai nui me ngā hūpāmakete ngā utu-whaiaro inaianei, ā, kua whakauruhia e ngā kamupene pēnei i a Amazon ngā toa "haere noa atu" (Amazon Go) kei reira te AI me ngā pūoko e aroturuki ana i ngā hoko me te kore e hiahiatia he kaiutuutu tangata. Kua kite kē te Tari Tatauranga Mahi o Amerika i te hekenga o te mahi kaiutuutu - mai i te 1.4 miriona kaiutuutu i te tau 2019 ki te 1.2 miriona i te tau 2023 - ā, e matapaetia ana ka heke te maha mā te 10% anō i roto i te tekau tau e haere ake nei ( Kei konei tonu te utu-whaiaro. Engari kei te haere i roto i te tatau | AP News ). Kei te aunoa hoki te whakahaere taonga me te whare putunga i roto i te hokohoko: kei te kopikopiko ngā karetao i ngā whare putunga e tiki ana i ngā taonga (hei tauira, neke atu i te 200,000 ngā karetao pūkoro e whakamahi ana a Amazon i roto i ōna pokapū whakatutuki, e mahi tahi ana me ngā kaikohi tangata). Ahakoa ngā mahi papa pēnei i te matawai whata me te horoi, kei te mahia e ngā karetao e whakahaerehia ana e te AI i roto i ētahi toa nui. Ko te hua nui ko te iti ake o ngā mahi hokohoko taumata-tīmatanga pēnei i ngā kaimahi hokomaha, ngā kaikohi whare putunga, me ngā kaiutuutu. I tētahi atu taha, kei te hangaia e te AI hokohoko te tono mō ngā kaimahi pūkenga e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā rauropi hokohoko ipurangi, te tātari raraunga kiritaki rānei. Heoi anō, ina tae ki ngā mahi ka whakakapia e te AI i roto i ngā hokohoko , ko ngā tūranga pūkenga iti me ngā mahi auau ko ngā whāinga matua o te aunoatanga.

Pūtea me te Peeke

I te tīmatanga o te wā, i whakamahia e te pūtea te pūmanawa aunoa, ā, kei te tere haere te ia o te AI o ēnei rā. He maha ngā mahi e uru ana ki te tukatuka tau, te arotake tuhinga, te whakatau noa rānei, kei te whakahaerehia e ngā rauropi. He tauira whakamiharo nō JPMorgan Chase , i whakaurua ai he kaupapa AI e kiia nei ko COIN hei tātari i ngā tuhinga ture me ngā whakaaetanga nama. Ka taea e COIN te arotake i ngā kirimana i roto i ngā hēkona – he mahi i pau i te 360,000 hāora o te wā o ngā rōia me ngā āpiha nama i ia tau ( ka mahi te pūmanawa JPMorgan i roto i ngā hēkona i pau i ngā rōia 360,000 hāora | The Independent | The Independent ). Mā te mahi pera, i whakakapia te wāhanga nui o ngā tūranga ture/whakahaere iti i roto i ngā mahi a te peeke. I roto i te umanga pūtea, ngā pūnaha hokohoko rauropi te tini o ngā kaihokohoko tangata mā te whakahaere i ngā hokohoko tere ake, ā, he maha ngā wā he pai ake te hua. Ka whakamahia e ngā peeke me ngā umanga inihua te AI mō te kimi tinihanga, te aromatawai mōrearea, me ngā karetao kōrerorero ratonga kiritaki, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō te maha o ngā kaitātari me ngā kaimahi tautoko kiritaki. Ahakoa i roto i te kaute me te arotake, ka taea e ngā taputapu AI te whakarōpū aunoa i ngā tauwhitinga me te kite i ngā hapa, e whakawehi ana i ngā mahi pupuri pukapuka tuku iho. E whakatauhia ana ko ngā kaimahi kaute me te pupuri pukapuka kei roto i ngā tūranga matua e mōrearea ana , ā, e matapaetia ana ka heke nui ēnei tūranga i te mea ka kaha ake te pūmanawa kaute AI ( 60+ Tatauranga Mō te Whakakapi Mahi AI (2024) ). I roto i te poto, kei te kite te rāngai pūtea i te AI e whakakapi ana i ngā mahi e aro ana ki te tukatuka raraunga, te mahi pepa, me te whakatau kaupapa noa - mai i ngā kaiutuutu peeke (nā ngā ATM me te peeke ipurangi) ki ngā kaitātari tari waenga - me te whakanui ake i ngā tūranga whakatau pūtea taumata teitei.

Hangarau me te Whakawhanaketanga Pūmanawa

Ahakoa te āhua whakakatakata, kei te whakahaere aunoa hoki te rāngai hangarau – te umanga tonu e hanga ana i te AI – i ētahi wāhanga o tana ake kaimahi. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whanaketanga hou o te AI whakaputa kāore te tuhi waehere he pūkenga tangata anake. Ka taea e ngā kaiawhina waehere AI (pēnei i a GitHub Copilot me te Codex a OpenAI) te whakaputa aunoa i ngā wāhanga nui o te waehere pūmanawa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko ētahi mahi hōtaka noa, inā koa te tuhi waehere paerewa, te whakatika hapa ngāwari rānei, ka taea te tuku ki te AI. Mō ngā kamupene hangarau, ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā rōpū nui o ngā kaiwhakawhanake iti. I te wā kotahi, kei te whakatikatika te AI i ngā mahi IT me ngā mahi whakahaere i roto i ngā kamupene hangarau. He tauira nui: i te tau 2023 i panuitia e IBM he whakamutu i te kimi kaimahi mō ētahi tūranga tari-muri , ā, i kī tata ki te 30% o ngā mahi kāore e aro atu ana ki te kiritaki (tata ki te 7,800 ngā tūranga) ka taea te whakakapi e te AI i roto i ngā tau 5 e whai ake nei ( ka whakamutua e IBM te kimi kaimahi hei whakakapi i te 7,800 ngā mahi ki te AI, e ai ki ngā pūrongo a Bloomberg | Reuters ). Kei roto i ēnei tūranga ko ngā tūranga whakahaere me ngā tūranga rauemi tangata e uru ana ki te whakaritenga, te mahi pepa, me ētahi atu tukanga noa. E whakaatu ana te take a IBM, ahakoa ngā mahi tari mā i roto i te rāngai hangarau, ka taea te whakahaere aunoa ina he maha ngā mahi e auau ana – ka taea e te AI te whakahaere i te whakaritenga, te pupuri tuhinga, me ngā pātai taketake me te kore e wawaotanga tangata. He mea nui kia mōhio kei roto tonu i ngā ringa tangata ngā mahi hangarau pūmanawa auaha me te uaua (kāore tonu i te AI te kaha whakaoti rapanga whānui o tētahi miihini mohio). Engari mō ngā tohunga hangarau, kei te tangohia e te AI ngā wāhanga noa o te mahi – ā, ka mutu pea ka hiahia ngā kamupene ki te iti ake o ngā kaiwhakamātautau taumata-whakauru, ngā kaiwhakamātautau QA, ngā kaimahi tautoko IT rānei i te whakapai ake i ngā taputapu aunoa. Ko te tikanga, kei te whakamahi te rāngai hangarau i te AI hei whakakapi i ngā mahi o ia rā, e aro ana ki te tautoko, me te huri i ngā taranata tangata ki ngā mahi auaha me te taumata teitei.

Ratonga Kaihoko me te Tautoko

Kua tino whai hua ngā karetao kōrerorero me ngā kaiawhina mariko e whakamahia ana e te AI i roto i te ao ratonga kiritaki. Ko te whakahaere i ngā patai a ngā kiritaki – ahakoa mā te waea, īmēra, kōrerorero rānei – he mahi uaua kua roa e rapuhia ana e ngā kamupene kia arotauhia. Ināianei, nā ngā tauira reo matatau, ka taea e ngā pūnaha AI te whai wāhi ki ngā kōrerorero tangata-ā-tangata. He maha ngā kamupene kua whakamahi i ngā karetao kōrerorero AI hei raina tautoko tuatahi, e aro ana ki ngā pātai noa (te tautuhi anō i ngā pūkete, te aroturuki ota, ngā FAQ) me te kore he kaihoko tangata. Kua tīmata tēnei ki te whakakapi i ngā mahi pokapū waea me ngā tūranga āwhina. Hei tauira, e ai ki ngā kamupene waea me ngā kamupene ratonga he nui te wāhanga o ngā patai a ngā kiritaki ka whakatauhia katoatia e ngā kaihoko mariko. E matapae ana ngā kaiārahi ahumahi ka tipu haere tonu tēnei ia: E matapae ana te Tumu Whakarae o Zendesk, a Tom Eggemeier, ka uru te AI ki te 100% o ngā taunekeneke kiritaki i roto i tētahi āhua, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he kaihoko tangata hei whakatau i roto i ngā tau tata nei ( 59 ngā tatauranga ratonga kiritaki AI mō te tau 2025 ). Ko te tikanga o tēnei āhuatanga he iti rawa te hiahia mō ngā māngai ratonga kiritaki tangata. Kua whakaatuhia kētia e ngā rangahau neke atu i te hauwhā o ngā tīma ratonga kiritaki kua whakauru i te AI ki roto i ā rātou rerenga mahi o ia rā, ā, kua tapahia e ngā pakihi e whakamahi ana i ngā "kaihoko mariko" AI ngā utu ratonga kiritaki tae atu ki te 30% ( Ratonga Kaihoko: Me Pēhea te Hurihanga o ngā Taunekeneke a te AI - Forbes ). Ko ngā momo mahi tautoko ka whakakapia pea e te AI ko ērā e whakauru ana i ngā whakautu kua tuhia me te rapurongoā auau - hei tauira, he kaiwhakahaere pokapū waea taumata-1 e whai ana i tētahi tuhinga kua tautuhia mō ngā take noa. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā āhuatanga kiritaki he uaua, he kare ā-roto rānei, he maha tonu ngā wā ka tukuna ki ngā kaihoko tangata. I te nuinga, kei te tere te hurihanga o te AI i ngā tūranga ratonga kiritaki , ka aunoa i ngā mahi māmā ake, ā, ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā kaimahi tautoko taumata-tīmatanga e hiahiatia ana.

Te Waka me te Whakahaere Rautaki

He iti noa ngā ahumahi kua aro nui ki te whakakapinga mahi e whakahaerehia ana e te AI, pērā i te kawe waka. Ko te whanaketanga o ngā waka taraiwa-ake – ngā taraka, ngā tekesi, me ngā karetao tuku – he mea whakamataku tika ki ngā mahi e uru ana ki te taraiwa. Hei tauira, i roto i te umanga taraka, he maha ngā kamupene e whakamātautau ana i ngā taraka-haurua-ake motuhake i runga i ngā huarahi tere. Mena ka angitu ēnei mahi, ka taea te whakakapi i ngā taraiwa taraka roa ki ngā waka taraiwa-ake e taea ai te mahi tata ki te 24/7. He tino pakari ētahi whakatau tata: ka taea e te aunoatanga te whakakapi i te 90% o ngā mahi taraka roa mena ka tino whakahaerehia te hangarau taraiwa-ake me te whakawhirinaki ( Tērā pea ka tere te tango a ngā taraka-ake i te mahi tino kore e hiahiatia ana i roto i te kawe waka roa ). Ko te taraiwa taraka tētahi o ngā mahi tino noa i roto i te maha o ngā whenua (hei tauira, he kaituku mahi nui mō ngā tāne Amerikana kāore he tohu whare wānanga), nō reira ka nui te pānga ki konei. Kei te kite kē tātou i ngā mahi piki haere – ngā pahi tere motuhake i roto i ētahi tāone, ngā waka whare putunga me ngā kaiwhakahaere utanga tauranga e arahina ana e te AI, me ngā kaupapa whakamātautau mō ngā tekesi kore taraiwa i roto i ngā tāone pēnei i a San Francisco me Phoenix. Kua whakaratohia e ngā kamupene pēnei i a Waymo me Cruise ngā mano tini o ngā haerenga taxi kore-taraiwa , e tohu ana i tētahi heke mai ka iti ake te hiahia mō ngā taraiwa taxi me ngā taraiwa Uber/Lyft. I roto i te tuku me te whakahaere waka, kei te whakamatautauria ngā drones me ngā karetao ara-taha hei whakahaere i ngā tuku whakamutunga, ka taea te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā kaikawe. Ahakoa te rererangi arumoni kei te whakamātautau i te whakanui ake i te aunoatanga (ahakoa he tekau tau pea te tawhiti atu o ngā rererangi pāhihi motuhake, mēnā he mea anō, nā ngā āwangawanga haumaru). I tēnei wā, ko ngā taraiwa me ngā kaiwhakahaere waka kei roto i ngā mahi ka whakakapia pea e te AI . Kei te tere haere te hangarau i roto i ngā taiao whakahaeretia: ka whakamahia e ngā whare putunga ngā forklift taraiwa-whaiaro, ā, ka whakamahia e ngā tauranga ngā kerēne aunoa. I te horapa o aua angitu ki ngā rori tūmatanui, ka heke haere ngā tūranga pēnei i te taraiwa taraka, te taraiwa taxi, te taraiwa tuku, me te kaiwhakahaere forklift. Kāore i te tino mārama te wā - ko ngā ture me ngā wero hangarau te tikanga kāore anō kia ngaro ngā taraiwa tangata - engari he mārama te huarahi.

Hauora

He rāngai hauora he uaua te pānga o te AI ki ngā mahi. I tētahi taha, kei te whakahaere aunoa te AI i ētahi mahi tātari me te tātaritanga i mahia i mua e ngā tohunga tino whakangungua anake. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pūnaha AI te tātari i ngā whakaahua hauora (X-hihi, MRI, CT scan) me te tino tika. I roto i tētahi rangahau Huitene, i kitea e tētahi tohunga hihi-āwhina AI he 20% te nui ake o ngā mate pukupuku ū mai i ngā matawai mammography i ngā tohunga hihi-āwhina tangata e rua e mahi tahi ana ( Ka whakakapia e te AI ngā tākuta e pānui ana i ngā hihi-ā-X, ka pai ake rānei i mua? | AP News ). E kī ana tēnei ka taea e tētahi tākuta kotahi kua rite ki te AI te mahi i ngā mahi a ngā tākuta maha, ka whakaiti pea i te hiahia mō te maha o ngā tohunga hihi-ā-tangata, ngā tohunga mate rānei. Ka taea e ngā tātari taiwhanga aunoa te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau toto me te tohu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē me te kore he tohunga taiwhanga tangata i ia taahiraa. Kei te whakahaere hoki ngā karetao kōrerorero AI i te whakarōpūtanga tūroro me ngā pātai taketake - ka whakamahia e ētahi hōhipera ngā karetao tirotiro tohu hei tohutohu i ngā tūroro mēnā me haere mai rātou, ka taea te whakaiti i te kawenga mahi a ngā nēhi me ngā pokapū waea hauora. ngā mahi hauora whakahaere : kua kitea te whakaritenga, te waehere hauora, me te nama i ngā taumata teitei o te aunoatanga mā te pūmanawa AI. Heoi, kāore i te tino pāngia ngā tūranga tiaki tūroro tika e pā ana ki te whakakapinga. Ka taea e te karetao te āwhina i te pokanga, te āwhina rānei i te neke i ngā tūroro, engari ngā nēhi, ngā tākuta, me ngā kaitiaki e kore e taea e te AI te tārua katoa i tēnei wā. Ahakoa ka taea e te AI te tautuhi i tētahi mate, he maha ngā wā ka hiahia ngā tūroro ki tētahi tākuta tangata hei whakamārama me te rongoā. He kaha hoki ngā arai matatika me ngā ture a te hauora ki te whakakapi katoa i te tangata ki te AI. Nō reira, ahakoa kei te whakanuia, kei te whakakapia rānei ētahi mahi motuhake i roto i te hauora (pēnei i ngā kaikawe pire hauora, ngā kaituhi tuhinga, me ētahi tohunga tātaritanga) e te AI , he maha ngā tohunga hauora e kite ana i te AI hei taputapu e whakarei ake ana i tā rātou mahi kaua hei whakakapinga. I te wā roa, i te mea ka matatau haere te AI, ka taea e ia te whakahaere i te nui ake o ngā mahi taumaha o te tātari me ngā tirotiro auau - engari i tēnei wā, kei te noho tonu te tangata ki waenganui o te tuku tiaki.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko ngā mahi ka whakakapia pea e te AI ko ērā e tohuhia ana e ngā mahi auau, auau, me ngā taiao e taea te matapae: ngā kaimahi wheketere, ngā kaimahi tari me ngā kaimahi whakahaere, ngā kaiutuutu hokohoko, ngā kaihoko ratonga kiritaki taketake, ngā taraiwa, me ētahi tūranga ngaio taumata-whakauru. Ina hoki, ko ngā matapae a te World Economic Forum mō ngā tau tata nei (i te tau 2027) i whakanoho i ngā kaimahi tāuru raraunga ki te tihi o te rārangi o ngā taitara mahi e heke ana (me te 7.5 miriona o aua mahi e tumanakohia ana ka whakakorehia), ā, whai muri ko ngā hēkeretari whakahaere me ngā kaimahi kaute , ko ēnei tūranga katoa he tino ngāwari ki te aunoatanga ( 60+ Tatauranga Mō te AI Whakakapi Mahi (2024) ). Kei te horapa te AI i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā tere rerekē, engari he rite tonu tana ahunga - te aunoa i ngā mahi māmā rawa puta noa i ngā rāngai. Ka tirohia e te wāhanga e whai ake nei te taha ke: ko ēhea ngā mahi kāore pea e whakakapia e te AI, me ngā āhuatanga tangata e tiaki ana i aua tūranga.

Ngā Mahi Kāore e Tino Tūpono kia Whakakapia/Ngā Mahi Kāore e Taea e te AI te Whakakapi (me te Take)

Ehara i te mea he nui te mōrearea o ngā mahi katoa ki te aunoatanga. Inaa, he maha ngā tūranga e ātete ana ki te whakakapinga e te AI nā te mea he pūkenga tangata motuhake e hiahiatia ana, he tūnga rānei i roto i ngā horopaki kore e taea te matapae e kore e taea e ngā mīhini te whakatere. Ahakoa te whanaketanga o te AI, he mārama ngā herenga ki te tārua i te auahatanga tangata, te aroha, me te urutau. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau a McKinsey ahakoa ka pā te aunoatanga ki te nuinga o ngā mahi ki tētahi taumata, he wāhanga o ngā mahi ehara i te tūranga katoa ka taea e te AI te whakahaere – e kī ana ko ngā mahi aunoa katoa ka waiho hei okotahi, ehara i te ture ( AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). I konei ka whakamāramahia e mātou ngā momo mahi kāore pea e whakakapia e te AI i roto i ngā wā e kitea ana, me te take he "ātete AI" aua tūranga:

• Ngā Mahi e Hiahia Ana ki te Aroha Tangata me te Taunekeneke Whaiaro: Ko ngā mahi e aro ana ki te manaaki, te whakaako, te mārama rānei ki te tangata i te taumata kare ā-roto he tino haumaru mai i te AI. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā kaiwhakarato hauora pēnei i ngā nēhi, ngā kaitiaki kaumātua, me ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro, tae atu ki ngā kaiako, ngā kaimahi hapori, me ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro . Ko ēnei mahi e hiahia ana ki te aroha, te hanga whanaungatanga, me te pānui i ngā tohu pāpori – ngā wāhi e raru ai ngā mīhini. Hei tauira, ko te mātauranga kōhungahunga ko te poipoi me te urupare ki ngā tohu whanonga ngawari kāore e taea e te AI te tārua. E ai ki a Pew Research, tata ki te 23% o ngā kaimahi e mahi ana i ngā mahi iti-whakaatu AI (he maha ngā wā i roto i te tiaki, te mātauranga, me ētahi atu), pēnei i te kaitiaki tamariki, kei reira ngā mahi matua (pēnei i te poipoi i te tamaiti) he ātete ki te aunoatanga . Ko te tikanga he pai ake ki te tangata te pā ki ēnei mara: tera pea ka kitea e te AI te pouri, engari ko te tikanga e hiahia ana ngā tūroro ki te kōrero ki tētahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro tangata, kaua ki tētahi karetao kōrerorero, mō ō rātou kare ā-roto.

• Ngā Mahi Auaha me ngā Mahi Toi: Ko ngā mahi e whakamahi ana i te auahatanga, te taketake, me te reka ahurea ka uaua ki te whakahaere aunoa. Ko ngā kaituhi, ngā kaitoi, ngā kaiwaiata, ngā kaihanga kiriata, ngā kaihoahoa ahua – ka whakaputa ēnei tohunga i ngā ihirangi e whakanuia ana ehara i te mea mō te whai i tētahi tauira anake, engari mō te whakauru i ngā whakaaro hou, auaha. Ka taea e te AI te āwhina i te auahatanga (hei tauira, te whakaputa tauira matarohia, ngā whakaaro hoahoa rānei), engari he maha ngā wā kāore i te taketake me te hohonu o te kare ā-roto . Ahakoa kua rongonui ngā toi me ngā tuhituhi i hangaia e te AI, kei a ngā kaihanga auaha tonu te painga ki te whakaputa tikanga e pārekareka ana ki ētahi atu tangata. He uara mākete anō hoki kei roto i ngā toi i hangaia e te tangata (whakaarohia te hiahia tonu ki ngā taonga i hangaia e te ringa ahakoa te hanga papatipu). Ahakoa i roto i ngā whakangahau me ngā hākinakina, e hiahia ana te tangata ki te mahi a te tangata. E ai ki tā Bill Gates i roto i tētahi kōrero tata nei mō te AI, "Kāore mātou e hiahia ki te mātakitaki i ngā rorohiko e tākaro pēihiporo ana." ( E kī ana a Bill Gates Kāore e Hiahiatia te Tangata mō 'Te nuinga o ngā Mea' i te Ao AI | EGW.News ) – ko te tikanga ko te harikoa e ahu mai ana i ngā kaitākaro tangata, ā, nā te whakawhānui ake, he maha ngā mahi auaha me te mahi ka noho tonu hei mahi a te tangata.

• Ngā Mahi e Whai Ana i te Mahi Tinana Kāore e Matapaetia i roto i ngā Taiao Hihiri: Ko ētahi mahi ā-ringa e hiahia ana ki te pūkenga tinana me te whakaoti rapanga i te wā tonu i roto i ngā horopaki rerekē - he mea tino uaua ki ngā karetao te mahi. Whakaarohia ngā mahi pūkenga pēnei i ngā kaimahi hiko, ngā kaimahi paipa, ngā kaimahi kāmura, ngā kaimahi miihini ngā kaimahi hangarau tiaki waka rererangi rānei . He maha ngā wā ka urutau ēnei mahi ki ngā taiao koretake (he rerekē ngā waea o ia whare, he ahurei ia take whakatika) ā, e hiahia ana ki te urutau wā-tūturu. He pai ngā karetao e whakahaerehia ana e te AI o nāianei i roto i ngā taiao hanganga, whakahaeretia pēnei i ngā wheketere, engari e raru ana ki ngā arai ohorere o te papa hanga, o te kāinga rānei o te kiritaki. Nō reira, ko ngā kaimahi me ētahi atu e mahi ana i te ao tūturu me te maha o ngā rerekētanga he iti ake te tūponotanga ka whakakapia wawetia. I whakaatuhia e tētahi pūrongo mō ngā kaitukumahi nui rawa atu o te ao ahakoa kua rite ngā kaihanga mō te aunoatanga, ko ngā rāngai pēnei i ngā ratonga mara, i te hauora rānei (hei tauira, te Ratonga Hauora ā-Motu o te UK me tana ope taua o ngā tākuta me ngā nēhi e mahi ana i ngā mahi rerekē) kei te noho tonu hei "rohe hoariri" mō ngā karetao ( e 3 o ngā kaitukumahi nui rawa atu e 10 o te ao kei te whakakapi i ngā kaimahi ki ngā karetao | World Economic Forum ). Kia poto, ko ngā mahi paru, kanorau, ā, kāore e taea te matapae, he maha tonu ngā wā ka hiahia tonu koe ki tētahi tangata hei āwhina .

• Kaiārahi Rautaki me te Whakatau Taumata-Tiketike: Ko ngā tūranga e hiahia ana ki te whakatau uaua, te whakaaroaro arohaehae, me te kawenga – pērā i ngā kaiwhakahaere pakihi, ngā kaiwhakahaere kaupapa, me ngā kaiārahi whakahaere – he haumaru rawa atu i te whakakapinga tika o te AI. Ko ēnei tūranga he whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga maha, te whakamahi i te whakaaro nui i raro i te koretake, me te whakatenatena me te whiriwhiri a te tangata. Ka taea e te AI te whakarato raraunga me ngā taunakitanga, engari ko te tuku i tētahi AI ki te whakatau rautaki whakamutunga, ki te ārahi rānei i te tangata he pekepeke kāore i te rite te nuinga o ngā kamupene (me ngā kaimahi) ki te tango. Heoi anō, he maha ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki te kaiārahi ki te whakawhirinaki me te hihiri – ngā āhuatanga e puta mai ana i te karisma me te wheako o te tangata, ehara i te rauropi. Ahakoa ka taea e te AI te tatau i ngā tau mō tētahi Tumu Whakahaere Matua, ko te mahi a te Tumu Whakahaere Matua (te whakatakoto tirohanga, te whakahaere i ngā raruraru, te whakatenatena i ngā kaimahi) he tangata motuhake tonu i tēnei wā. Pērā anō hoki mō ngā āpiha kāwanatanga taumata-runga, ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, me ngā kaiārahi hōia kei reira te kawenga me te whakatau matatika he mea nui rawa atu.

I te whanaketanga o te AI, ka nekehia ngā rohe o āna mahi. Ko ētahi o ngā tūranga e kiia ana he haumaru i ēnei rā, ka werohia pea e ngā auahatanga hou (hei tauira, kei te takahi haere ngā pūnaha AI i ngā mara auaha mā te tito waiata, te tuhi tuhinga purongo rānei). Heoi, kei roto i ngā mahi i runga ake nei ngā āhuatanga tangata e uaua ana ki te waehere: te mātauranga kare ā-roto, te pūkenga ā-ringa i roto i ngā horopaki kore hanganga, te whakaaro whakawhiti-rohe, me te auahatanga pono. Ka mahi ēnei hei ārai tiaki i aua mahi. Ina hoki, he maha ngā kōrero a ngā tohunga ā muri ake nei, ka whanake ngā mahi, kaua e ngaro noa - ka whakamahia e ngā kaimahi tangata i roto i ēnei tūranga ngā taputapu AI kia pai ake ai te whai hua. E hopu ana tēnei i tētahi kīanga e whakahuatia pinepinetia ana: E kore te AI e whakakapi i a koe, engari ko te tangata e whakamahi ana i te AI ka whakakapi pea. Arā, ko te hunga e whakamahi ana i te AI ka kaha ake i te hunga kāore e whakamahi, puta noa i ngā mara maha.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko ngā mahi kāore pea e whakakapia e te AI/ngā mahi kāore e taea e te AI te whakakapi ko ērā e hiahia ana ki tētahi, ki ētahi rānei o ēnei e whai ake nei: te mātauranga pāpori me te hinengaro (te manaaki, te whiriwhiri, te ārahi), te auahatanga auaha (toi, rangahau, hoahoa), te nekenekehanga me te pūkenga i roto i ngā taiao uaua (ngā mahi pūkenga, te urupare ohorere), me te whakatau whānui (rautaki, kaiārahi). Ahakoa ka piki haere te urunga mai o te AI ki roto i ēnei mara hei kaiawhina, ko ngā tūranga matua o te tangata, kei konei tonu, hei noho tonu. Ko te wero mō ngā kaimahi ko te arotahi ki ngā pūkenga kāore e taea e te AI te whai – te aroha, te auahatanga, te urutau – kia mau tonu ai hei tāpiritanga nui ki ngā mīhini.

Ngā Tirohanga a ngā Tohunga mō te Ao Mahi o te Ao

Ehara i te mea miharo, he rerekē ngā whakaaro, ko ētahi e matapae ana i ngā huringa nui, ko ētahi e aro ana ki tētahi whanaketanga āta haere. Anei ētahi kōrero whai kiko me ngā tirohanga mai i ngā kaiārahi whakaaro, e whakarato ana i ngā tumanakohanga maha:

• Kai-Fu Lee (Tohunga me te Kaipakihi AI): E matapaetia ana e Lee te nui o te aunoatanga o ngā mahi i roto i ngā tekau tau e rua e whai ake nei. "I roto i ngā tau tekau ki te rua tekau, ki taku whakaaro ka taea e tātou te whakahaere aunoa i te 40 ki te 50 ōrau o ngā mahi i te United States," tana kī ( Ngā Kōrero a Kai-Fu Lee (Kaituhi o AI Superpowers) (whārangi 6 o te 9) ). E whakapono ana a Lee, he maha ngā tau o tana wheako ki te AI (tae atu ki ngā tūranga o mua i Google me Microsoft), ka pāngia he whānuitanga o ngā mahi - ehara i te mea ko ngā mahi wheketere, ratonga rānei anake, engari he maha hoki ngā tūranga mahi mā. E whakatūpato ana ia ahakoa mō ngā kaimahi kāore i whakakapia katoatia, ka "tapahi te AI i ō rātou uara tāpiri" mā te tango i ngā wāhanga o ā rātou mahi, ka whakaiti pea i te mana whiriwhiri me ngā utu o ngā kaimahi. E whakaatu ana tēnei tirohanga i te āwangawanga mō te whānui o te nekehanga me te pānga pāpori o te AI, pērā i te pikinga o te kore taurite me te hiahia mō ngā kaupapa whakangungu mahi hou.

• Mary C. Daly (Perehitini, San Francisco Fed): Kei te tuku a Daly i tētahi whakaaro whakahē e ahu mai ana i te hītori ōhanga. E kī ana ia ahakoa ka whakararuraru te AI i ngā mahi, e kī ana ngā tauira o mua he pānga taurite kupenga i te wā roa. "Kāore he hangarau i roto i te hītori o ngā hangarau katoa i whakaiti i te mahi i runga ipurangi," te kitenga a Daly, me te whakamahara mai ki a tātou ko ngā hangarau hou ka hanga momo mahi hou ahakoa ka whakakorehia ētahi atu ( Te Tumuaki o te SF Fed Reserve, a Mary Daly, i te Fortune Brainstorm Tech Conference: Ka whakakapi te AI i ngā mahi, ehara i te tangata - San Francisco Fed ). E whakanui ana ia ko te AI pea ka huri i te mahi, kaua ki te whakakore noa . E whakaaro ana a Daly ki tētahi heke mai ka mahi tahi te tangata me ngā mīhini - ko te AI e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi hoha, ko te tangata e arotahi ana ki ngā mahi utu nui ake - ā, e whakanui ana ia i te hiranga o te mātauranga me te whakahou pūkenga hei āwhina i te hunga mahi ki te urutau. He tino tumanako tana tirohanga: Ka whakanui te AI i te hua me te hanga taonga, ka taea te whakatipu i te tipu mahi i ngā wāhi kāore anō kia whakaarohia e tātou.

• Bill Gates (Kaiwhakaū o Microsoft): He maha ngā kōrero a Gates mō te AI i ngā tau tata nei, me te whakaatu i te harikoa me te āwangawanga. I roto i tētahi uiuinga i te tau 2025, i puta he matapae maia i hopukina ai ngā upoko kōrero: ko te pikinga ake o te AI matatau ka tohu pea "kāore e hiahiatia te tangata mō te nuinga o ngā mea" i te heke mai ( E kī ana a Bill Gates Kāore e Hiahiatia te Tangata mō te 'Nui o ngā Mea' i te Ao AI | EGW.News ). I kī a Gates he maha ngā momo mahi - tae atu ki ētahi umanga pūkenga teitei - ka taea te whakahaere e te AI i te pakeketanga o te hangarau. I hoatu e ia he tauira i roto i te hauora me te mātauranga , me te whakaaro ko te AI ka taea te mahi hei tākuta, hei kaiako rānei. tētahi tākuta AI "nui" ki te nuinga o te wā, ka whakaiti pea i te iti o ngā tohunga tangata. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ahakoa ngā tūranga e kiia ana he haumaru (nā te hiahia ki te mōhiotanga me te whakangungu whānui) ka taea te tārua e te AI i roto i te wā. Heoi, i whakaae anō a Gates ki ngā herenga o ngā mea ka whakaaetia e te tangata mai i te AI. I kī ia me te katakata ahakoa he pai ake te takaro hākinakina a te AI i te tangata, he pai tonu te iwi ki ngā kaitākaro tangata i roto i te whakangahau (kāore mātou e utu ki te mātaki i ngā tīma pēihi karetao). Kei te mau tonu te hihiri o Gates – e whakapono ana ia ka "whakawātea te tangata" mō ētahi atu mahi, ā, ka piki ake te hua o te mahi, ahakoa me whakahaere e te hapori te whakawhiti (mā roto pea i ngā mahi pēnei i ngā whakarerekētanga mātauranga, i te whiwhinga moni taketake whānui rānei mēnā ka ngaro te mahi nui).

• Kristalina Georgieva (Kaiwhakahaere Matua o te IMF): Mai i te tirohanga kaupapa here me te ōhanga o te ao, kua whakamāramahia e Georgieva te āhua takirua o te pānga o te AI. "Ka pā te AI ki te tata ki te 40 ōrau o ngā mahi huri noa i te ao, ka whakakapi i ētahi, ka tautoko i ētahi atu," i tuhia e ia i roto i tētahi tātaritanga a te IMF ( AI Will Transform the Global Economy. Let's Make It Benefits Humanity. ). E tohu ana ia he nui ake te pānga o ngā ōhanga matatau ki te AI (nā te mea he nui ake te wāhanga o ngā mahi e uru ana ki ngā mahi pūkenga teitei ka taea e te AI te mahi), engari ko ngā whenua whakawhanake ka kite i te iti ake o te nekehanga tere. Ko te tūnga a Georgieva ko te pānga kupenga o te AI ki te mahi kāore i te tino mārama - ka taea e ia te whakanui ake i te hua me te tipu o te ao, engari ka taea hoki te whakawhānui ake i te kore taurite mena kaore ngā kaupapa here e mau tonu. Kei te karanga ia me te IMF mō ngā mahi matatau: me haumi ngā kāwanatanga ki te mātauranga, ki ngā kupenga haumaru, me ngā kaupapa whakapakari pūkenga kia tino tohaina ngā painga o te AI (te hua teitei ake, te waihanga mahi hou i roto i ngā rāngai hangarau, me ētahi atu) ā, ka taea e ngā kaimahi e ngaro ana ngā mahi te neke ki ngā tūranga hou. E whakaū ana tēnei tirohanga tohunga ahakoa ka whakakapi pea te AI i ngā mahi, ko te putanga mō te hapori e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te āhua o tā tātou urupare.

• Ngā Kaiārahi Ahumahi kē atu: He maha ngā Tumu Whakahaere hangarau me ngā kaititiro o te heke mai kua whai wāhi mai hoki. Hei tauira, kua kī te Tumu Whakahaere o IBM, a Arvind Krishna, ka pā te AI ki ngā "mahi tari-mā i te tuatahi" , ka aunoa i ngā mahi tari me ngā mahi tari (pēnei i ngā tūranga HR e whakatikatikaina ana e IBM) i mua i te neke atu ki ngā wāhanga hangarau ake ( ka whakamutua e IBM te whakauru kaimahi hei whakakapi i ngā mahi 7,800 ki te AI, e ai ki ngā pūrongo a Bloomberg | Reuters ). I taua wā anō, e kī ana a Krishna me ētahi atu ka waiho te AI hei taputapu kaha mō ngā tohunga ngaio - tae noa ki ngā kaihōtaka e whakamahi ana i ngā kaiawhina waehere AI hei whakanui ake i te hua, e whakaatu ana i tētahi heke mai ka noho te mahi tahi tangata-AI hei tikanga i roto i ngā mahi pūkenga kaua ki te whakakapinga katoa. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere i roto i te ratonga kiritaki, e ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, e whakaaro ana ko te AI te whakahaere i te nuinga o ngā taunekeneke kiritaki noa, me te arotahi o te tangata ki ngā take uaua ( 59 ngā tatauranga ratonga kiritaki AI mō te tau 2025 ). Ā, ko ngā tohunga hinengaro tūmatanui pērā i a Andrew Yang (nāna i whakatairanga te whakaaro o te moni whiwhi taketake whānui) kua whakatūpato mō ngā taraiwa taraka me ngā kaimahi pokapū waea e ngaro ana te mahi, e tautoko ana i ngā pūnaha tautoko pāpori hei whakatau i te kore mahi e peia ana e te aunoatanga. He rerekē, kua kōrero ngā tohunga mātauranga pērā i a Erik Brynjolfsson rāua ko Andrew McAfee mō te "whakataurite hua" - arā, ka puta mai ngā painga o te AI, engari me ngā kaimahi tangata anake kua tautuhia anō ā rātou mahi, kāore i whakakorea. He maha ā rātou mahi ki te whakanui ake i te mahi tangata me te AI kaua ki te whakakapinga whānui, me te hanga i ngā kīanga pēnei i te " ka whakakapia e ngā kaimahi e whakamahi ana i te AI te hunga kāore e mahi ."

Ko te tikanga, kei roto i ngā whakaaro o ngā tohunga he tino hihiri (ka nui ake ngā mahi ka hangaia e te AI i ngā mahi ka whakangaromia, pērā i ngā mahi auaha o mua) ki te tino tupato (ka taea e te AI te whakakore i tētahi wāhanga o te hunga mahi onge, me te hiahia kia whakatikatika nui). Heoi, ko te mea noa ko te huringa he mea tino pono . Ka huri te āhua o te mahi i te mea ka kaha ake te AI. E whakaae ana ngā tohunga he mea nui te mātauranga me te ako tonu - me hiahia ngā kaimahi o te heke mai ki ngā pūkenga hou, ā, me hiahia ngā hapori ki ngā kaupapa here hou. Ahakoa e kitea ana te AI he riri, he taputapu rānei, e whakanui ana ngā kaiārahi puta noa i ngā ahumahi koinei te wā ki te whakarite mō ngā huringa ka kawea mai ki ngā mahi. I a mātou e whakamutunga ana, ka whakaarohia e mātou te tikanga o ēnei huringa mō te hunga mahi o te ao me te pehea e taea ai e ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā whakahaere te whakatere i te huarahi kei mua.

Te Tikanga o Tēnei mō te Rōpū Kaimahi o te Ao

Kāore he whakautu kotahi, pumau mō te pātai "he aha ngā mahi ka whakakapia e te AI?" whakakorea e te AI me te aunoatanga ngā miriona mahi i ngā tau e haere ake nei, me te hanga mahi hou me te whakarerekē i ngā mahi o nāianei . E matapaetia ana e te World Economic Forum, i te tau 2027, tata ki te 83 miriona mahi ka whakakorea nā te aunoatanga, engari ka puta ake he 69 miriona mahi hou i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te tātari raraunga, te ako mīhini, me te hokohoko mamati - he pānga kupenga o te -14 miriona mahi puta noa i te ao ( AI Replacing Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Arā, ka nui te hurihanga o te mākete mahi. Ka ngaro ētahi tūranga, ka rerekē te maha, ā, ka puta ake he mahi hou hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te ōhanga e whakahaerehia ana e te AI.

Mō te hunga mahi o te ao , he tikanga nui tēnei:

• He mea nui te Whakahou Pūkenga me te Whakapiki Pūkenga: Me whai wāhi ngā kaimahi kei te mōrearea ā rātou mahi ki te ako i ngā pūkenga hou e hiahiatia ana. Mena kei te tangohia e te AI ngā mahi o ia rā, me arotahi te tangata ki ngā mahi kāore i te o ia rā. Ka whai wāhi ngā kāwanatanga, ngā whare wānanga, me ngā kamupene ki te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa whakangungu – ahakoa he kaimahi whare putunga kua nekehia atu e ako ana ki ngā karetao tiaki, he māngai ratonga kiritaki rānei e ako ana ki te tirotiro i ngā karetao kōrerorero AI. Kua rite te ako mō te wā katoa ki te noho hei tikanga noa. I te taha pai, i te mea ka tangohia e te AI ngā mahi uaua, ka taea e te tangata te neke ki ngā mahi whai hua, auaha, uaua rānei – engari mena kei a rātou ngā pūkenga ki te mahi pera.

• te Mahi Tahi a te Tangata me te AI ka tautuhia te nuinga o ngā mahi: Kaua e riro katoa te mana o te AI, engari ka whanake te nuinga o ngā umanga hei hononga mahi tahi i waenga i te tangata me ngā mīhini atamai. Ko ngā kaimahi e angitu ana ko te hunga e mōhio ana ki te whakamahi i te AI hei taputapu. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia pea e te rōia te AI hei rangahau tonu i ngā ture take (te mahi i ngā mahi a te rōpū paralegal i mua), kātahi ka whakamahi i te whakaaro tangata hei hanga rautaki ture. Ka tirotirohia pea e te tohunga hangarau wheketere he kahui karetao. Tae noa ki ngā kaiako ka whakamahi pea i ngā kaiako AI hei whakawhaiaro i ngā akoranga i a rātou e arotahi ana ki te ārahi taumata teitei ake. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tauira mahi tahi ka rerekē ngā whakaahuatanga mahi - me te aro nui ki te tirotiro i ngā pūnaha AI, te whakamaoritanga o ngā putanga AI, me ngā āhuatanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kāore e taea e te AI te whakahaere. Ko te tikanga hoki ko te ine i te pānga o te hunga mahi ehara i te mea ko ngā mahi i ngaro, i whiwhi rānei, engari ko ngā mahi kua hurihia . Tata ki ia mahi ka uru atu ki tētahi taumata āwhina AI, ā, he mea nui te urutau ki taua mooni mō ngā kaimahi.

• Kaupapa Here me te Tautoko Hapori: Tērā pea he uaua te whakawhiti, ā, ka ara ake ngā pātai kaupapa here i te ao whānui. Ka pāngia ētahi rohe me ngā ahumahi e te ngaronga o ngā mahi i ētahi atu (hei tauira, ko ngā ōhanga hou e nui ana te hanga ka tere ake te whakahaere aunoa i ngā mahi e nui ana te mahi). Tērā pea me kaha ake ngā kupenga haumaru hapori, ngā kaupapa here auaha rānei – kua puta ngā whakaaro pēnei i te moni whiwhi taketake whānui (UBI) e ngā tāngata pēnei i a Elon Musk rāua ko Andrew Yang i te tumanako ka puta te kore mahi nā te AI ( E kī ana a Elon Musk kāore e taea te karo i te Moni Whiwhi Whānui: He aha ia i whakaaro ai ... ). Ahakoa ko te UBI te otinga, me aroturuki ngā kāwanatanga i ngā au o te kore mahi, me te whakawhānui pea i ngā painga kore mahi, ngā ratonga whakanoho mahi, me ngā putea mātauranga i ngā rāngai e pāngia ana. Tērā pea me mahi tahi te ao, nā te mea ka taea e te AI te whakawhānui ake i te āputa i waenga i ngā ōhanga hangarau teitei me te hunga he iti ake te urunga ki te hangarau. Tērā pea ka pāngia te hunga mahi o te ao e te hekenga o ngā mahi ki ngā wāhi e pai ana ki te AI (pērā i te nekenga o te hanga ki ngā whenua iti ake te utu i ngā tekau tau o mua). Me whakarite e ngā kaihanga kaupapa here ko ngā hua ōhanga a te AI (te nui ake o te hua, ngā ahumahi hou) ka arahi ki te whai hua whānui, kaua ko ngā hua mō te hunga torutoru anake.

• Te Whakanui i te Ahurei o te Tangata: I te mea ka noho noa te AI, ka nui ake te hiranga o ngā āhuatanga tangata o te mahi. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te auahatanga, te urutau, te aroha, te whakatau matatika, me te whakaaro whakawhiti-mātauranga ka waiho hei painga whakataurite mō ngā kaimahi tangata. Tērā pea ka huri ngā pūnaha mātauranga ki te whakanui i ēnei pūkenga ngohengohe me ngā pūkenga STEM. Tērā pea ka noho ko ngā toi me ngā mahi ā-tangata he mea nui ki te whakatipu i ngā āhuatanga e kore ai e taea te whakakapi i te tangata. I tētahi tikanga, ko te aranga ake o te AI kei te akiaki i a tātou ki te tautuhi anō i te mahi i roto i ngā tikanga e aro nui ana ki te tangata - me te whakanui i te whai huatanga, engari me ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te wheako kiritaki, te auahatanga auaha, me ngā hononga kare ā-roto, e tino pai ai te tangata.

Hei whakamutunga, kua rite te AI ki te whakakapi i ētahi mahi – inā koa ko ngā mahi taumaha o ia rā – engari ka waihangahia hoki ngā whai wāhitanga me te whakanui ake i ngā tūranga maha. Ka pā te pānga ki ngā ahumahi katoa, mai i te hangarau me te pūtea ki te hanga, te hokohoko, te hauora, me te kawe waka. E whakaatu ana te tirohanga ā-ao ahakoa ka tere ake te aunoatanga o ngā mahi ā-ringa i ngā ōhanga matatau, tera pea ka raru tonu ngā ōhanga whakawhanake ki te whakakapinga mīhini i ngā mahi ā-ringa i roto i te hanga me te ahuwhenua i roto i te wā. He wero ā-ao te whakarite i te hunga mahi mō ēnei nekehanga.

Me kaha ngā kamupene ki te whakamahi i te AI i runga i te matatika me te mohio – me whakamahi hei whakamana i ā rātou kaimahi, kaua hei whakaiti i ngā utu anake. Ko ngā kaimahi, me noho tonu ki te hiahia ki te mōhio, me te ako tonu, nā te mea ko te urutau te kupenga haumaru mō rātou. Ā, me whakatairanga te hapori whānui i tētahi whakaaro e whakanui ana i te mahi tahi a te tangata me te AI: te titiro ki te AI hei taputapu kaha hei whakanui ake i te hua me te oranga o te tangata, kaua hei tūmomo mōrearea ki te oranga o te tangata.

Ko te hunga mahi o āpōpō, tera pea ka mahi tahi te auahatanga tangata, te manaaki, me te whakaaro rautaki me te matauranga horihori – he ao kei te heke mai ka whakarei ake i te mahi a te tangata, kaua e waiho kia tawhito. Ehara pea i te mea ngāwari te whakawhiti, engari mā te whakarite me ngā kaupapa here tika, ka taea e te hunga mahi o te ao te puta mai he pakari, he kaha ake hoki te mahi i te ao o te AI.

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