Ka whakakapia rānei ngā Kaiurungi e te AI?

He manawa pākiki? He hiahia nui? Kei te tumanako puku pea koe kia maeneene ake ngā kokopiti? Kāore koe i te mokemoke. He mea whakamarie, he mea pōhēhē hoki te whakaaro ka rere ngā waka rererangi i tētahi rā - he rite ki te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi kohua e whakaoho ana i a ia anō kia kaua e maka te hupa ki ngā wāhi katoa. Nō reira, me keri tātou, me te whakamārama i te tangata tuatahi, i tautokona e te pūtake e pupuri tonu ana i ngā mea kia noho noa. Hei te mutunga, ka mārama ake koe ki te āhua o ngā mea, ki te mea e tata mai ana, me te mea kua tika Ka whakakapia ngā pailate e te AI?

Ngā tuhinga ka pai pea koe ki te pānui i muri i tēnei:

🔗 Ka whakakapia rānei ngā kaikaute e te AI?
Te tūhura i te pānga o te aunoatanga ki ngā mahi kaute me te tono ā-muri.

🔗 Ka whakakapia e te AI ngā kaitātari raraunga i ngā kōrero tūturu?
Te tirotiro i te tūranga o te AI i roto i te tātari raraunga me te taurite o ngā pūkenga tangata.

🔗 Ka whakakapia rānei ngā kaihanga pūmanawa e te AI?
Ngā māramatanga mō ngā taputapu waehere AI me ngā kawenga e whanake haere ana a ngā kaiwhakawhanake.

Ngā mea ka haere atu koe me te mōhio 🧭

• Ko te whakautu poto rawa ki a Will Pilots ka whakakapia e te AI

• He aha te mea tino pai o te AI i roto i ngā kokopiti (me ngā mea kāore)

• Te tirohanga a ngā kaiwhakahaere me te pūtaiao haumaru

• Ngā hangarau o ēnei rā ka taea e koe te whakamahi, me ngā whakamātautau o āpōpō

• Ngā whakaaro rerekē mō te haurua: he pairati kotahi, he āwhina whenua, he ranu

• He aha i werohia ai ngā utanga i mua i ngā pāhihi?

• Ngā ānini ā-tangata: ngā raruraru o te momo mahi, ngā pūkenga mahi-ā-ringa waikura, ngā āputa tirotiro-whakawhiti

• He tūtohi whakatairite paku uaua ka taea e koe te tirotiro i te ekenga

Te whakautu poto 🧪

Kāore i roto i ngā waka rererangi pāhihi i roto i ngā wā tata nei. He mārama ngā ture o te US i raro i te Wāhanga 121: me rua ngā pailate - te kāpene me te āpiha tuatahi. Ehara tēnā i te whakaaro, kua tuhia ki roto i te ture [1]. I tēnei wā, kei te whakahaerehia e Ūropi ngā rangahau nui mō ngā Mahi Kaimahi Iti Rawa Whakaroa (eMCO) me ngā Mahi Pailate Kotahi (SiPO). Ko tā rātou ake whakatau? Me ngā whakaritenga kokopiti o nāianei, kāore anō kia taea e rātou te whakaatu he rite te haumaru ki te rua ngā kaimahi . Ko te tikanga o tēnei ture: kāo, kāore anō [2].

Tuhipoka mō te pūwetetā: ina kīia ana "taumata haumaru ōrite," ko tā rātou e kī ana me ōrite te whakatakotoranga o te aunoatanga-me-te-tikanga ki ngā putanga haumaru o ngā pairati e rua - tae atu ki te wā e pupū ake ai ngā hapa rerekē, pōrearea, iti-tūponotanga-engari-nui-te-hua.

He aha te take e taea ai e te AI i roto i ngā kokopiti te āwhina 🚀

Ina rongo te tangata i te kupu "AI pilot," ka whakaarohia e rātou tētahi phi me te pōtae kāpene. Kāore ngā kaiwhakahaere ture e kite pērā ana. E whakaarohia ana e rātou te AI hei taputapu pūmanawa , me haere i roto i te whakapumautanga haumaru pērā i tētahi atu pūnaha nui. Ina whakaritea pērā, he mārama te uara:

• Te whakangawari i ngā mahi i ngā wā tino pukumahi, me te akiaki i ngā mahi tuatahi ki ngā wāhanga tino nui.

• Kia rite tonu, kia mataara hoki, kia iti ake ai ngā hapa iti e pahemo ana ina nui haere ngā mea hei whakararuraru.

• He tino tika ake i ngā mahi o ia rā - te tere, te teitei, te kaha - kia kore ai e hē te mahi.

• He kupenga haumaru ārai e kite wawe ana i ngā pakanga, e whakaatu ana i ngā urupare ma, paerewa hoki.

Ko te pono, ina pai te hanga o te aunoatanga , ā, ina tika te whakangungu o ngā pailate, he rite ki te makutu. Ina ngaro, ina whakamahia rānei i te koretake, he rite ki te gremlin e tatari ana ki te whakararuraru i a koe. Ko taua taumahatanga te mea e tautuhi ana i te kēmu katoa.

Ngā ture, ngā mahere ara, me ngā tirotiro i te mooni 🧱

• E rua tonu ngā pailate e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā mahi rererangi o Amerika i raro i te Wāhanga 121. Wāhanga [1].

• I roto i te arotake a EASA mō ngā kaupapa kotahi-pairati, i kitea ngā āputa pōrearea: me pēhea te kite i te korenga o te pairati e taea te mahi, ko wai ka tirotiro i te aha, te whakahaere i ngā pikinga o te mahi, me te aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko tā rātou whakatau: kāore anō kia whakamātauhia te ōritetanga haumaru [2].

• He tino māmā te tūnga o te FAA mō te AI kaua e whakaahua i te tangata . Whakamahia te AI hei taputapu, whakaurua kia tupato, kia whakapumautia ki roto i ngā anga o nāianei. Mā taua māramatanga ka tika tonu te kawenga [3].

Ki te mea i tae mai koe me te whakaaro ko te whakautu he "āe, ka ngaro wawe ngā pailate," he mea whakakatakata pea tēnei. Ka tere noa te rere o te rererangi i te tere o te haumaru.

He aha ngā hangarau ka taea e koe te whakamahi hei rere i tēnei rā 🧩

He maha ngā pūnaha kei te rere ora kē:

• Garmin Emergency Autoland (GA + light jets) : ka riro i a ia te mana whakahaere, ka tau ki te kore e taea e te pailate. Kua whakamanahia mai i te tau 2020, kua horapa inaianei puta noa i ngā momo. He mea whakaora - engari kei te whakaarohia tonutia hei tārua, ehara i te whakakapinga [4].

• Ngā whakamātautau a Airbus DragonFly : tekehi aunoa, te hurihanga aunoa, me te āwhina taunga i runga i ngā waka rererangi nunui. I kīia nuitia hei āwhina i te pailate, ehara i te whakakapi.

• Ārai tukinga atamai ake + ngā whakatūpato : he iti ake ngā whakatūpato whakararuraru, he tohu wawe ake, he tohutohu mārama ake. He whakanui katoa, ehara i te tango .

Kotahi te pailate, te āwhina whenua, me ngā wāhanga panga ngaro 🧩🧩

Kāore he pana whakakā/whakaweto i konei - he rite tonu ki te tauine reti:

• Paerata Kotahi + Aunoatanga : tohatoha anō i ngā mahi paerata tuarua ki ngā pūmanawa me ngā rārangi arowhai. He pai te tangi i runga i ngā kiriata; kei te raru te ao tūturu i ngā rahunga ohorere me ngā pikinga o te kawenga mahi [2].

• Paerata Kotahi + Kaiwhakahaere Whenua : kotahi te paerata kei runga i te waka rererangi, he tohunga mamao e aroturuki ana i ngā rerenga maha. I roto i te ariā, he whai hua. I roto i te mahi? Ka mahi anake mēnā he pakari ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, he koi ngā tukunga, ā, ka whakahaerea ngā huringa hoha me te taumaha. Ehara te tangata i te karetao, ahakoa i roto i te kokopiti, i te tūru whenua rānei.

• Ngā kitenga rangahau : Kei te kaha tonu te FAA ki te aro nui ki te kawenga me te whakapumautanga ā-pūmau , kaua ki ngā wawata pōuri o ngā "hoa mahi AI" [3].

Nō reira, ki te mea kei te pātai tonu koe mēnā ka kiia ēnei he "whakakapi i ngā pailate e te AI" - āe, mēnā ka taea e rātou te ōrite ki te haumaru o ngā pailate e rua i roto i ngā horopaki onge, raruraru . He pae teitei rawa tēnā.

Utauta tuatahi 📦✈️

Kāore i te tino tautohetia te whakamātau i te mana motuhake i runga i ngā waka rererangi utanga . He maha ngā kaupapa e whai ana kia whiwhi tiwhikete mō te mana motuhake mai i te kuaha ki te kuaha me te tangata e tirotiro ana (mamao, i runga rānei i te waka rererangi). Whakaarohia: ngā pailate kua whakarerekētia te mahi, te taumaha rawa o te pūoko, me ngā huarahi kua āta herea.

Ngā āhuatanga tangata: te pararutiki 🧠

He rawe te mahi aunoatanga ki te aukati i ngā hapa - ā, he rawe anō hoki ki te waihanga i ngā hapa hou. E rua ngā mahanga e puta pinepine ana:

• Te pōhēhētanga o te aratau me te kotiti ke o te aro : I ētahi wā ka hē te mārama o ngā kaimahi ki tā te pūnaha e mahi nei. Whakatika = hoahoa mārama + whakangungu mō te mōhio ki te aratau.

• Ngā Pūkenga Ngaro : Ka memeha haere ngā toronga pairati aunoa maeneene i ngā mahi rere ā-ringa. I tukuna e te FAA ngā pānui hei whakamahara i ngā kamupene rererangi kia mau tonu te koi o ngā pūkenga ā-ringa [5].

Ahakoa ēnā mea katoa, ko te rere arumoni tētahi o ngā mea haumaru rawa atu mā te tangata. He aha ai? Nā te mea he paparanga te haumaru: ko te tangata, te hangarau, me ngā tikanga e taupatupatu ana pērā i te pukupuku.

He kupu whakarite kino pakupaku 🌧️🛫

He rite te rere me te pūnaha aunoa pakari ki te whai maru ataahua e piko ana i a ia anō, e ārai ana i ngā hau, e pā ana ki ngā āniwaniwa. Engari i ētahi wā ka huri te hau ki te taha, āe - me whai ringa tonu koe. Ko ngā pailate aua ringa. (Āe, he kupu whakarite pōrearea pea, engari he pai te mahi.)

Te tūtohi whakatairite pōrearea 🧮

(Nā te mea he onge te noho pai o te ao tūturu ki roto i ngā tēpu.)

He aha ngā mea me whakarerekē i mua i te iti haere o ngā pailate e rere ana i tāu waka rererangi? 🧩

• I whakaatuhia he haumaru ōrite, he pai ake rānei i roto i ngā āhuatanga matū onge. Ehara i te wiri - raraunga .

• Aunoatanga mārama me te mōhiotanga aratau tino mārama me mahi-kore .

• Ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero/haumarutanga ipurangi kua whakapakaritia mō ngā huānga mamao katoa.

• Ngā ara kawenga + ngā ara tiwhikete e whakawhirinakihia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere [3].

• He whakangungu e pupuri ana i ngā pūkenga ā-ringa kia ora tonu , kaua ko te pēhi noa i te pātene [5].

• Te whakaae ki te inihua tūmatanui me te inihua i muri i ngā mea o runga ake nei - kaua i mua atu.

• Te whakakotahitanga o te ao kia kore ai te whiti rohe kotahi e takahi i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Te tirohanga haumaru whānui ake 📈

paparanga te whanaketanga o te rererangi - te hangarau, te tangata, me ngā tikanga e tiaki ana tetahi i tetahi. Koia te take e puhoi ai, e āta tiaki ai hoki ngā huringa. Mō te wā tata? Me tumanako ki te mana aunoa e whakamana ana i ngā pailate , kaua ki ngā nohoanga kau i mua.

Nā… Ka whakakapia rānei ngā pailate e te AI? 🧩

He pātai pai ake: Ko ēhea ngā mahi me aunoa, āhea, ā, i raro i ngā tohu haumaru aha - me te pupuri tonu i te tangata hei rangatira? E whakatūpato ana te FAA kia kaua e whakaahua i te AI. E whakaahuahia ana e tā rātou mahere mahi hei taputapu pono , ehara i te "kaiurungi karetao" [3].

Nō reira, ko te huarahi: he nui ake ngā āwhina, kua whakamatautauria i roto i ngā utanga, ā, ka heke mārire ki ngā pāhihi mēnā ka whiwhi i te tika. Kāore te pailate e ngaro - ka neke ia ki te tirotiro, ki te whakatau, me te manawanui.

Whakamutunga 💬

Ehara te AI i roto i ngā kōpiti i te makutu, ehara hoki i te aituā. He pūnaha whakahaere noa iho e tika ana kia whakamātauria mā te tiwhikete me te whakangungu. Mō ngā pāhihi, ko te tikanga he nui ake ngā āhuatanga āwhina haumaru i te tuatahi, kaua rawa ngā nohoanga takoto kau (engari kāore i te wā tata nei). Mō ngā pailate, ko te tikanga he whanake hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha koi ake, me te pupuri tonu i te rere ā-ringa kia ora. Me mahi tika, ā, ka memeha haere te pātai "Ka whakakapia e te AI ngā pailate?" , nā te mea he nui ake te whakamere o te mooni: ko ngā pailate me te aunoatanga atamai, kua whakamātauhia, ka nui ake te haumaru o te rererangi.

TL;DR 🧳

• Kāo , e kore e taea e te AI te whakakapi i ngā pailate rererangi i roto i ngā wā e tata mai nei.

• Āe , kei te haere tonu mai te aunoatanga - me te āta whakaaro, me te pono.

• Ko ngā utanga ki mua, ko ngā pāhihi ki muri , kia rite rā anō ngā tohu haumaru.

• Ka noho tonu te tangata ki waenganui , nā te mea ehara i te mea kōwhiringa te whakatau me te tirotiro.

Ngā Tohutoro

[1] FAA (14 CFR §121.385 - Te hanganga o ngā kaimahi rererangi). Tari Whakaputa a te Kāwanatanga o Amerika. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/cfr/14/121?link-type=pdf§ionnum=385&year=mostrecent

[2] EASA (eMCO-SiPO Extended Minimum Crew Operations). Whārangi whakarāpopototanga o ngā whakatau. https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/research-projects/emco-sipo-extended-minimum-crew-operations-single-pilot-operations-safety-risk

[3] FAA (Mahere Ara mō te Whakapūmau Haumaru o te Maramarama Horihori). "Kaua e Whakamāori: Whakaarohia te AI hei taputapu, kaua hei tangata." https://www.faa.gov/media/82891

[4] Pānui Pāpāho mō ngā Waka Rererangi Piper (18 o Mei, 2020). Ko te waka rererangi tuatahi kua whakauruhia ki a Garmin Autoland kua whiwhi i te tiwhikete momo FAA (M600/SLS). https://cutteraviation.com/2020/05/first-garmin-autoland-equipped-aircraft-to-receive-type-certification/

[5] FAA SAFO 13002 - Ngā Mahi Rere ā-ringa. Ka akiaki i te pupuri i te pūkenga rere ā-ringa. https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/SAFO13002.pdf

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