Kaua e whakararuraru rawa - ki te mea kei te pātai koe ko wai te kaiwhakaara i te kaupapa matauranga horihori katoa, ko te whakautu, i te iti rawa i roto i te hītori, he tino māmā noa iho: ko John McCarthy . Ko te tangata kāore i uru noa ki ngā tau tōmua o te AI - i tapaina e ia. Ko te kupu matauranga horihori ? Nāna.
Kaua e whakaaro he taitara hopuhopu tēnā. Ehara i te taitara honore. He mea whiwhi noa iho.
Ngā tuhinga ka pai pea koe ki te pānui i muri i tēnei:
🔗 Me pēhea te Waihanga i tētahi AI – He Ruku Hōhonu me te Kore he Whakararuraru
He aratohu whānui, kore whakakatakata mō te hanga i tōu ake AI mai i te tīmatanga.
🔗 He aha te Quantum AI? – Te Wāhi e Hono ai te Ahupūngao, te Waehere, me te Pōrearea
Tūhurahia te hononga whakamīharo o te miihini irahiko me te mātauranga horihori.
🔗 He aha te Whakatau i roto i te AI? – Te Wā e Huihui Katoa Ai
Akohia me pēhea te whakatau a te AI me te whakaputa māramatanga i te wā tūturu mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga kua whakangungua.
🔗 He aha te tikanga o te whai i tētahi huarahi whānui ki te AI?
Tirohia te take e kore ai e pā noa te angitu o te AI ki ngā rauropi - he mea nui anō hoki ngā tikanga matatika, te whāinga, me te pānga.
John McCarthy: He nui atu i te ingoa i roto i te pepa 🧑📘
I whānau mai i te tau 1927, ā, i kaha tonu tana mahi i roto i te ao tae noa ki tōna matenga i te tau 2011, he māramatanga rerekē tō John McCarthy mō ngā mīhini - he aha rātou ka taea te huri, he aha rātou kāore pea e huri. I mua noa atu i te pakaru o ngā tūmau ipurangi e ngā whatunga io, kua pātai kē ia i ngā mea uaua: Me pēhea tātou e whakaako ai i ngā mīhini ki te whakaaro? He aha te mea e kiia ana he whakaaro?
I te tau 1956, i whakarite tahi a McCarthy i tētahi awheawhe i te Kāreti o Dartmouth me ētahi tohunga hinengaro nui: a Claude Shannon (āe, te tangata ariā mōhiohio), a Marvin Minsky, me ētahi atu. Ehara i te mea he huihuinga mātauranga puehu noa iho tēnei. Ko te wā tonu tēnei. Ko te huihuinga tūturu i whakamahia tuatahitia ai te kupu matauranga horihori i roto i tētahi tūranga mana.
Ko taua tono a Dartmouth? He ahua maroke i te tirohanga tuatahi, engari i puta he kaupapa kāore anō kia puhoi.
He aha tāna i mahi ai? (He nui, he pono) 💡🔧
LISP, hei tīmatanga
I te tau 1958, i whakawhanakehia e McCarthy te LISP , te reo hōtaka i tino kaha ki te rangahau AI mō ngā tekau tau. Mena kua rongo koe i te kupu "AI tohu", ko LISP tana hoiho mahi pono. I tukuna e ia ngā kairangahau ki te takaro me te arorau auau, te whakaaro kōpiko - ko ngā mea e tumanakohia ana e tātou i ēnei rā mai i ngā hangarau hou ake.
Te tiritiri wā: te Kapua OG
Ko te ariā a McCarthy mō te tiritiri wā - te tuku i ngā kaiwhakamahi maha ki te taunekeneke me te rorohiko i te wā kotahi - i āwhina i te rorohiko ki tētahi mea ka taea te whakawhanui. Tērā pea he tūpuna wairua o mua tēnei o te rorohiko kapua.
I hiahia ia kia whai whakaaro ngā mīhini
Ahakoa i aro te nuinga ki ngā taputapu, ki ngā ture whaiti rānei, i ruku a McCarthy ki te arorau - ngā anga nui, āhua-whāiti pērā i te tatau āhuatanga me te rohenga . Ehara ēnei i te kupu rongonui. He anga ēnei e āwhina ana i ngā mīhini kia kaua e mahi noa, engari kia whai whakaaro i roto i te wā me te koretake.
Ā, nāna anō i whakatū te Stanford AI Lab.
Ko te Stanford AI Lab (SAIL) te tūāpapa o te matauranga AI. Ko te hangarau karetao, te tukatuka reo, ngā pūnaha tirohanga - i ahu mai katoa i reira.
Ehara i te mea ko ia anake 📚🧾
Titiro mai, kāore i te maha ngā wā ka noho ko ia anake te tangata mohio. Ae, he mea nui te mahi a McCarthy, engari ehara i te mea ko ia anake te kaihanga o te pou tuarā o te AI. Anei ētahi atu e tika ana kia whakahuatia:
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Alan Turing te pātai, "Ka taea e ngā mīhini te whakaaro?". Kei te whakahuatia tonutia tana Whakamātautau Turing i ēnei rā. He matakite, ā, he pouri hoki i mua i tōna wā 🤖.
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Claude Shannon - I āwhina rāua ko McCarthy ki te tīmata i te hui o Dartmouth. I hanga hoki e ia tētahi kiore miihini (Theseus) hei whakaoti rapanga mā te ako. He ahua pōhewa mō ngā tau 1950 🐭.
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Herbert Simon rāua ko Allen Newell - I hangaia e rāua te Logic Theorist , he kaupapa hei whakamana i ngā ariā. Kāore i whakaponohia e te iwi i te tīmatanga.
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Marvin Minsky - He tohunga ariā, he tohunga mahi toi anō hoki. I pekepeke ia i waenga i ngā kupenga io, i te hangarau karetao, me ngā whakaaro matatika. Ko ia te hoa whawhai hinengaro a McCarthy mō ngā tau 🛠️.
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Nils Nilsson - I āta hanga i te āhua o ō tātou whakaaro mō te whakamahere, te rapu, me ngā kaihoko. I tuhi i ngā pukapuka ako a te nuinga o ngā ākonga AI tuatahi i runga i ā rātou tēpu.
Ehara ēnei tāngata i te taha - i āwhina rātou ki te tautuhi i ngā taha o te AI. Heoi anō, ko McCarthy tonu te mea nui.
O ēnei rā? He ngaru kē atu tēnā 🔬⚙️
Tere whakamua. Kei reira ngā tāngata pēnei i a Geoffrey Hinton , Yoshua Bengio , me Yann LeCun - e mōhiotia nei ko ngā "Godfathers of Deep Learning".
Kāore i memeha noa ngā tauira whakamuri a Hinton i ngā tau 1980 - engari i whanake haere. I te tau 2012, nā tana mahi i runga i ngā whatunga io honohono i āwhina te whakarewa i te AI ki te aroaro o te marea. Whakaarohia: te mōhio ki ngā whakaahua, te hanga reo, te tuhinga matapae - i ahu mai katoa i taua hihiri ako hohonu 🌊.
I te tau 2024, i whakawhiwhia a Hinton ki te Tohu Nobel mō te Ahupūngao mō aua takoha. Ae, te ahupūngao. Koinei te āhua pōuri o ngā rārangi i waenga i te waehere me te hinengaro 🏆.
Engari koinei te mea: kāore he Hinton, kāore he ngaru ako hōhonu - he pono. Engari anō hoki, kāore he McCarthy, kāore he mara AI i te tīmatanga . Kei roto i ngā wheua tōna awe.
Ngā Mahi a McCarthy? Kei te Hiranga Tonu 🧩📏
He rerekē te āhua - ahakoa te ako hōhonu e kaha ana i ēnei rā, kei te hoki mai anō ētahi o ngā whakaaro "tawhito" a McCarthy. He whakaaro tohu, he kauwhata mātauranga, me ngā pūnaha ranu? Koinei anō te heke mai.
He aha ai? Ahakoa te atamai o ngā tauira whakaputa, he ngoikore tonu i ētahi mea - pērā i te pupuri i te ōritetanga, te whakamahi i te arorau i roto i te wā, te whakatau rānei i ngā whakahē. I te tekau tau atu i 60 me 70, kua tūhuratia kētia e McCarthy aua taha.
Nō reira, ina kōrero te tangata mō te whakaranu i ngā LLM me ngā paparanga arorau, ngā paparanga tohu rānei - kei te hoki anō rātou ki tana pukapuka rautaki, ahakoa e mōhio ana, kāore rānei.
Nā, ko wai te Matua o te AI? 🧠✅
Kāore he whakaroa i konei: a John McCarthy .
Nāna i tito te ingoa. Nāna i hanga te reo. Nāna i hanga ngā taputapu. Nāna i pātai ngā pātai uaua. Ā, tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, kei te rapu tonu ngā kairangahau AI i ngā whakaaro i tuhia e ia ki ngā papa pango i te haurua rautau ki muri.
Kei te hiahia koe ki te tirotiro haere i te waehere LISP? Kei te ruku koe ki ngā āpiha tohu? Kei te whai rānei koe i te hanumitanga o ngā anga a McCarthy ki ngā hoahoanga io o ēnei rā? Kei a au te āwhina mōu - pātai mai.