Te AI mō ngā Pūnaha Whakauru: He aha i Huri ai i ngā Mea Katoa

I mua, i noho te AI i runga i ngā tūmau nui me ngā GPU kapua. Ināianei kei te mimiti haere, kei te neke haere i te taha o ngā pūoko. te AI mō ngā pūnaha whakauru - kei te ngunguru kē i roto i ngā pouaka whakamātao, i ngā waka rererangi, i ngā taputapu mau ... tae atu ki ngā taputapu kāore e āhua "atamai".

Anei te hiranga o tēnei panonitanga, ngā mea e uaua ai, me ngā kōwhiringa e tika ana kia whai wā koe.

Ngā tuhinga ka pai pea koe ki te pānui i muri i tēnei:

🔗 Ngā taputapu whakahaere AI pai rawa atu e whakarite ana i ngā pūnaha AI mārama, e tutuki ana i ngā tikanga matatika
He aratohu ki ngā taputapu hei āwhina i te pupuri i te AI matatika, tutuki ture, me te mārama.

🔗 Te rokiroki taonga mō te AI: ngā kōwhiringa, ngā kōwhiringa, ngā kōwhiringa
Te whakataurite i ngā kōwhiringa rokiroki ahanoa kua whakaritea mō ngā kawenga mahi AI.

🔗 Ngā whakaritenga rokiroki raraunga mō te AI: ngā mea e tika ana kia mōhio koe
Ngā āhuatanga matua hei whakaaroaro māu i te wā e whakamahere ana i te rokiroki raraunga AI.

AI mō ngā Pūnaha Whakauru🌱

He iti noa ngā taputapu whakauru, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he pākahiko, ā, he iti noa ngā rauemi. Heoi, ka huakina e te AI ngā wikitoria nui:

• Ngā whakataunga wā-tūturu, kāore he haerenga hoki-mai i te kapua.

• Te tūmataitinga nā te hoahoa - ka taea te pupuri i ngā raraunga mata ki runga i te pūrere.

• He iti ake te whakaroa ina he mea nui ngā mirihekona.

• He whakatau mōhio ki te pūngao mā te tauira āta whiriwhiri + ngā kōwhiringa taputapu.

Ehara ēnei i te painga ā-ringa: mā te pana i te rorohiko ki te taha ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinakitanga ki te whatunga, ā, ka whakapakari ake i te tūmataitinga mō ngā whakamahinga maha [1].

Ehara te mahi tinihanga i te kaha - engari he mōhio ki ngā rauemi iti. Whakaarohia te oma marathon me te peke tuara… ā, ka tangohia tonutia ngā pereki e ngā miihini.

Ripanga Whakataurite Tere o te AI mō ngā Pūnaha Whakauru 📝

(Āe, kāore i te ōrite. Pērā anō hoki te ao tūturu.)

He aha te hiranga o te AI i runga i ngā taputapu whakauru mō te ahumahi 🏭

Ehara i te mea ko te whakanui noa iho: i runga i ngā raina wheketere, ka hopukina e ngā tauira kiato ngā hapa; i roto i te ahuwhenua, ka tātarihia e ngā pona iti-mana te oneone i te mara; i roto i ngā waka, kāore e taea e ngā āhuatanga haumaru te "waea ki te kāinga" i mua i te aukati. Ina kore e taea te whiriwhiri i te whakaroa me te tūmataitinga , he rautaki te neke i te rorohiko ki te taha [1].

TinyML: Te toa puku o te AI whakauru 🐜

e TinyML ngā tauira i runga i ngā pūmana iti me ngā kiropaita ki ētahi megapaita o te RAM - engari ka taea tonu te kimi kupumatua, te mōhio ki ngā tohu, te kite i ngā hapa, me te maha atu. He rite ki te mātakitaki i te kiore e hiki ana i tētahi pereki. He tino whakamīharo.

He tauira hinengaro tere:

• Ngā tapuwae raraunga : ngā tāurunga pūoko rerema iti.

• Ngā Tauira : ngā CNN/RNN kiato, ngā ML matarohia, ngā kupenga kua whakarōpūtia/kua inetia rānei.

• Tahua : miliwatt, ehara i te watts; KB–MB, ehara i te GB.

Ngā Kōwhiringa Taputapu: Te Utu me te Mahi ⚔️

Ko te whiriwhiri taputapu te wāhi e kore e angitu ai te nuinga o ngā kaupapa:

• Karaehe Rāhipere Pi : he PTM hoahoa, whānui te whakamahinga; he pakari mō ngā tauira.

• NVIDIA Jetson : ngā kōwae AI taha i hangaia mō tētahi kaupapa motuhake (hei tauira, a Orin) e tuku ana i ngā tekau ki ngā rau o ngā TOPS mō te tirohanga matotoru, ngā puranga maha-tauira rānei - he rawe, engari he utu nui ake, he taumaha ake hoki te mana [4].

• Google Coral (Edge TPU) : he whakatere ASIC e tuku ana i te ~4 TOPS i te 2W (~2 TOPS/W) mō ngā tauira kua inehia - he tino pai te mahi/W ina tutuki i tō tauira ngā here [3].

• Ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Waea Atamai (Snapdragon) : ka tukuna tahitia me ngā NPU me ngā SDK hei whakahaere i ngā tauira i runga i te pūrere.

Ture matua: taurite te utu, te pāmahana, me te rorohiko. He maha ngā wā ka hinga te "pai, i ngā wāhi katoa" i te "hou, i ngā wāhi katoa."

Ngā Wero Noa i roto i te AI mō ngā Pūnaha Whakauru 🤯

He maha ngā wā ka raru ngā kaihangarau ki:

• Mahara iti : kāore e taea e ngā taputapu iti te pupuri i ngā tauira nunui.

• Tahua pākahiko : he mea nui ia milliamp.

• Te arotautanga tauira:

  • Te ine rahinga → ngā taumaha/whakahohenga int8/float16 iti ake, tere ake.

  • Tapatapa → tangohia ngā taumaha koretake mō te iti.

  • Te whakarōpū/te tiritiri taumaha → te kōpeke atu.
    He tikanga paerewa ēnei mō te whai huatanga o runga i te taputapu [2].

• Te whakanui ake : he whakaaturanga Arduino akomanga ≠ he pūnaha whakaputa motuka me ngā here haumaru, tūpato, me te huringa ora.

Te patuiro i ngā hapa? Whakaarohia te pānui pukapuka mā roto i tētahi kōhao kī… me ngā mīti e mau ana.

Ngā Mahi Whai Hua ka Kitea e Koe Ake Nei 🚀

• Ngā taputapu mau atamai e mahi ana i ngā tirohanga hauora i runga i te taputapu.

• ngā kāmera IoT i ngā huihuinga me te kore e rere ngā kiriata mata.

• Ngā kaiawhina reo tuimotu mō te whakahaere kore-ringa - kāore he whakawhirinakitanga ki te kapua.

• Ngā waka rererangi aunoa mō te tirotiro, te tuku, me te mahi tika.

I te poto: Kei te tata haere mai te AI - ki ō tātou ringaringa, ki roto i ā tātou kīhini, me puta noa i ā tātou hanganga.

Me pēhea te tīmatanga o ngā kaiwhakawhanake 🛠️

1. Tīmata ki te TensorFlow Lite mō ngā taputapu whānui me te kapinga MCU→pūkoro; whakamahia te ine/tapa wawe [2].

2. Tirohia a ExecuTorch mēnā kei te whenua PyTorch koe e noho ana, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki tētahi wā whakahaere i runga i te pūrere pūkoro me te pūnaha tāmau [5].

3. Whakamātauria ngā kete Arduino + TinyML mō te hanga tauira tere, ātaahua hoki.

4. He pai ake ki a koe ngā pūnaha tirohanga? e Edge Impulse te arai mā te hopu raraunga, te whakangungu, me te whakatinanatanga.

5. Whakaarohia te taputapu hei tangata whenua tuatahi - he tauira i runga i ngā CPU, kātahi ka whakamanahia i runga i tō whakaterenga ūnga (Edge TPU, Jetson, NPU) hei whakaū i te whakaroa, te wera, me ngā taumata tika.

Poto-poto: Ka tukuna e tētahi tīma tētahi pūoko wiri-kē ki runga i tētahi pūoko pūtau-moni. Kāore te tauira float32 e eke ki te tahua hiko; ka tapahia e te int8 te pūngao mō ia whakatau, ka tapahia te mahara, ā, ka oti te mahi mā te huringa mahi a te MCU - kāore he whatunga e hiahiatia ana [2,3].

Te Huringa Mārie o te AI mō ngā Pūnaha Whakauru 🌍

Kei te ako ngā tukatuka iti, iti te utu ki te rongo → whakaaro → mahi - ā-rohe. Ka whai tonu te roa o te pākahiko i a tātou, engari he mārama te huarahi: he tauira piri ake, he kaikohikohi pai ake, he whakatere atamai ake. Ko te mutunga? He hangarau e ahua whaiaro ake ana, e aro nui ana hoki nā te mea ehara i te mea he hono noa - engari he aro nui.

Ngā Tohutoro

[1] ETSI (Rorohiko Tapa Uru-maha) - Ngā painga whakaroa/tūmataitinga me te horopaki ahumahi.
ETSI MEC: Tirohanga whānui o te Pepa Ma Hou

[2] Kete Utauta Arotau Tauira TensorFlow a Google - Te ine, te tapahi, te whakarōpū mō te whai huatanga o runga i te pūrere.
Aratohu Arotau Tauira TensorFlow

[3] Google Coral Edge TPU - Ngā paearu Perf/W mō te whakaterenga o te taha.
Ngā Paearu Edge TPU

[4] NVIDIA Jetson Orin (Mana) - Ngā kōwae Edge AI me ngā kōpaki mahi.
Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Kōwae Jetson Orin

[5] PyTorch ExecuTorch (Ngā Tuhinga Whaimana) - Te wā whakahaere PyTorch i runga i te taputapu mō te waea pūkoro me te taha.
Tirohanga Whānui mō ExecuTorch

Kimihia te AI Hou i te Toa Kaiāwhina AI Whaimana

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